NAME YAPE::HTML - Yet Another Parser/Extractor for HTML SYNOPSIS use YAPE::HTML; use strict; my $content = "<html>...</html>"; my $parser = YAPE::HTML->new($content); my ($extor,@fonts,@urls,@headings,@comments); # here is the tokenizing part while (my $chunk = $parser->next) { if ($chunk->type eq 'tag' and $chunk->tag eq 'font') { if (my $face = $chunk->get_attr('face')) { push @fonts, $face; } } } # here we catch any errors unless ($parser->done) { die sprintf "bad HTML: %s (%s)", $parser->error, $parser->chunk; } # here is the extracting part # <A> tags with HREF attributes # <IMG> tags with SRC attributes $extor = $parser->extract(a => ['href'], img => ['src']); while (my $chunk = $extor->()) { push @urls, $chunk->get_attr( $chunk->tag eq 'a' ? 'href' : 'src' ); } # <H1>, <H2>, ..., <H6> tags $extor = $parser->extract(qr/^h[1-6]$/ => []); while (my $chunk = $extor->()) { push @headings, $chunk; } # all comments $extor = $parser->extract(-COMMENT => []); while (my $chunk = $extor->()) { push @comments, $chunk; } `YAPE' MODULES The `YAPE' hierarchy of modules is an attempt at a unified means of parsing and extracting content. It attempts to maintain a generic interface, to promote simplicity and reusability. The API is powerful, yet simple. The modules do tokenization (which can be intercepted) and build trees, so that extraction of specific nodes is doable. DESCRIPTION This module is yet another parser and tree-builder for HTML documents. It is designed to make extraction and modification of HTML documents simplistic. The API allows for easy custom additions to the document being parsed, and allows very specific tag, text, and comment extraction. USAGE In addition to the base class, `YAPE::HTML', there is the auxiliary class `YAPE::HTML::Element' (common to all `YAPE' base classes) that holds the individual nodes' classes. There is documentation for the node classes in that module's documentation. HTML elements and their attributes are stored internally as lowercase strings. For clarification, that means that the tag `<A HREF="FooBar.html">' is stored as { TAG => 'a', ATTR => { href => 'FooBar.html', } } This means that tags will be output in lowercase. There will be a feature in a future version to switch output case to capital letters. Functions * `YAPE::HTML::EMPTY(@tags)' Adds to the internal hash of tags which never contain any out-of-tag content. This hash is `%YAPE::HTML::EMPTY', and contains the following tag names: `area', `base', `br', `hr', `img', `input', `link', `meta', and `param'. Deletion from this hashmust be done manually. Adding to this hash automatically adds to the `%OPEN' hash, described next. * `YAPE::HTML::OPEN(@tags)' Adds to the internal hash of tags which do not require a closing tag. This hash is `%YAPE::HTML::OPEN', and contains the following tag names: `area', `base', `br', `dd', `dt', `hr', `img', `input', `li', `link', `meta', `p', and `param'. Deletion from this hash must be done manually. There is a subtle difference between "empty" and "open" tags. For example, the `<AREA>' tag contains a few attributes, but there is no text associated with it (nor any other tags), and therefore, is "empty"; the `<LI>', on the other hand, It is strongly suggested that for ease in parsing, any tags that you do not explicitly close have a `/' at the end of the tag: Here's my cat: <img src="cat.jpg" /> Methods for `YAPE::HTML' * `use YAPE::HTML;' * `use YAPE::HTML qw( MyExt::Mod );' If supplied no arguments, the module is loaded normally, and the node classes are given the proper inheritence (from `YAPE::HTML::Element'). If you supply a module (or list of modules), `import' will automatically include them (if needed) and set up *their* node classes with the proper inheritence -- that is, it will append `YAPE::HTML' to `@MyExt::Mod::ISA', and `YAPE::HTML::xxx' to each node class's `@ISA' (where `xxx' is the name of the specific node class). It also copies the `%OPEN' and `%EMPTY' hashes, as well as the `OPEN()' and `EMPTY()' functions, into the `MyExt::Mod' namespace. This process is designed to save you from having to place `@ISA' assignments all over the place. It also copies the `%SSI' hash. This hash is not suggested to be altered, and therefore it does not have any public interface (you have to fiddle with it yourself). It exists to ensure an SSI is valid. package MyExt::Mod; use YAPE::HTML 'MyExt::Mod'; # @MyExt::Mod::ISA = 'YAPE::HTML' # @MyExt::Mod::text::ISA = 'YAPE::HTML::text' # ... # being rather strict with the tags %OPEN = (); %EMPTY = (); * `my $p = YAPE::HTML->new($HTML, $strict);' Creates a `YAPE::HTML' object, using the contents of the `$HTML' string as its HTML to parse. The optional second argument determines whether this parser instance will demand strict comment parsing and require all tags to be closed with a closing tag or a `/' at the end of the tag (`<HR />'). Any true value (except for the special string `- NO_STRICT') will turn strict parsing on. This is off by default. (This could be considered a bug.) * `my $text = $p->chunk($len);' Returns the next `$len' characters in the input string; `$len' defaults to 30 characters. This is useful for figuring out why a parsing error occurs. * `my $done = $p->done;' Returns true if the parser is done with the input string, and false otherwise. * `my $errstr = $p->error;' Returns the parser error message. * `my $coderef = $p->extract(...);' Returns a code reference that returns the next object that matches the criteria given in the arguments. This is a fundamental feature of the module, and you can extract that from the section on "Extracting Sections". * `my $node = $p->display(...);' Returns a string representation of the entire content. It calls the `parse' method in case there is more data that has not yet been parsed. This calls the `fullstring' method on the root nodes. Check the `YAPE::HTML::Element' docs on the arguments to `fullstring'. * `my $node = $p->next;' Returns the next token, or `undef' if there is no valid token. There will be an error message (accessible with the `error' method) if there was a problem in the parsing. * `my $node = $p->parse;' Calls `next' until all the data has been parsed. * `my $attr = $p->quote($string);' Returns a quoted string, suitable for using as an attribute. It turns any embedded `"' characters into `"'. This can also be called as a raw function: my $quoted = YAPE::HTML::quote($string); * `my $root = $p->root;' Returns an array reference holding the root of the tree structure -- for documents that contain multiple top-level tags, this will have more than one element. * `my $state = $p->state;' Returns the current state of the parser. It is one of the following values: `close(TAG)', `comment', `done', `dtd', `error', `open(TAG)', `pi', `ssi', `text', `text(script)', or `text(xmp)'. The `open' and `close' states contain the name of the element in parentheses (ex. `open(img)'). Tag names, as well as the names of attributes, are converted to lowercase. The state of `text(script)' refers to text found inside an `<SCRIPT>' element, and likewise for `text(xmp)'. * `my $HTMLnode = $p->top;' Returns the first `<HTML>' node it finds in the tree structure. Extracting Sections `YAPE::HTML' allows comprehensive extraction of tags, text, comments, DTDs, PIs, and SSIs, using a simple, yet rich, syntax: my $extor = $parser->extract( TYPE => [ REQS ], ... ); *TYPE* can be either the name of a tag (`"table"'), a regular expression that matches tags (`qr/^t[drh]$/'), or a special string to match all tags (`-TAG'), all text (`-TEXT'), all comments (`-COMMENT'), all DTDs (`-DTD'), all PIs (`-PI'), and all SSIs (`-SSI'). *REQS* varies from element to element: * `-TAG', `-DTD', `-PI', `-SSI' A list of attributes that the tag/DTD/PI/SSI must have. * `-TEXT', `-COMMENT' A list of strings and regexes that the content of the text/comment must have or match. Here are some example uses: * all tags starting with "h" my $extor = $parser->extract(qr/^h/ => []); * all tags with an "align" attribute my $extor = $parser->extract(-TAG => ['align']); * all text containing the word "japhy" my $extor = $parser->extract(-TEXT => [qr/\bjaphy\b/i]); * tags involving links my $extor = $parser->extract( a => ['href'], area => ['href'], base => ['href'], body => ['background'], img => ['src'], # ... ); FEATURES This is a list of special features of `YAPE::HTML'. * On-the-fly cleaning of HTML If you aren't enforcing strict HTML syntax, then in the act of parsing HTML, if a tag that *should* be closed is not closed, it will be flagged for closing. That means that input like: <b>Foo<i>bar</b> will appear as: <b>Foo<i>bar</i></b> upon request for output. In addition, tags that are left dangling open at the end of an HTML document get closed. That means: <b>Foo<i>bar will appear as: <b>Foo<i>bar</i></b> * Syntax-checking If strict checking is off, the only error you'll receive from mismatched HTML tags is a closing tag out-of-place. On the other hand, if you do enforce strict HTML syntax, you'll be informed of tags that do not get closed as well (that should be closed). TO DO This is a listing of things to add to future versions of this module. API * HTML entity translation (via `HTML::Entities' no doubt) Add a flag to the `fullstring' method of objects, `- EXPAND', which will display `&...;' HTML escapes as the character representing them. * Toggle case of output (lower/upper case) Add a flag to the `fullstring' method of objects, `- UPPER', which will display tag and attribute names in uppercase. * Super-strict syntax checking DTD-like strictness in regards to nesting of elements -- `<LI>' is not allowed to be outside an `<OL>' or `<UL>' element. Internals * Make it faster, of course There's probably some inherent slowness to this method, but it works. And it supports the robust `extract' method. * Combine `CLOSED' and `IMPLICIT' Make three constants, `CLOSED_NO', `CLOSED_YES', and `CLOSED_IMPL'. BUGS Following is a list of known or reported bugs. Fixed * Inheritence fixed again (fixed in `1.11') * Inheritence was fouled up (fixed in `1.10') Pending * The above features aren't in here yet. `;)' * Strict syntax-checking is not on by default. * This documentation might be incomplete. * DTD, PI, and SSI support is incomplete. * Probably need some more test cases. * SSI conditional tags don't contain content. SUPPORT Visit `YAPE''s web site at http://www.pobox.com/~japhy/YAPE/. SEE ALSO The `YAPE::HTML::Element' documentation, for information on the node classes. AUTHOR Jeff "japhy" Pinyan CPAN ID: PINYAN japhy@pobox.com http://www.pobox.com/~japhy/