# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# FlashGBX
# Author: Lesserkuma (github.com/lesserkuma)

import time, math, struct, traceback, zlib, copy, hashlib, os, datetime, platform, json, base64
import serial, serial.tools.list_ports
from serial import SerialException
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from .RomFileDMG import RomFileDMG
from .RomFileAGB import RomFileAGB
from .Mapper import DMG_MBC, AGB_GPIO
from .Flashcart import Flashcart, Flashcart_DMG_MMSA, Flashcart_AGB_GBAMP, Flashcart_DMG_BUNG_16M
from .Util import ANSI, dprint, bitswap, ParseCFI
from .GBMemory import GBMemoryMap
from . import Util

class LK_Device(ABC):
	DEVICE_NAME = ""
	DEVICE_MIN_FW = 0
	DEVICE_MAX_FW = 0
	DEVICE_LATEST_FW_TS = {}
	PCB_VERSIONS = {}
	BAUDRATE = 1000000
	MAX_BUFFER_READ = 0x2000
	MAX_BUFFER_WRITE = 0x400
	
	DEVICE_CMD = {
		"NULL":0x30,
		"OFW_RESET_AVR":0x2A,
		"OFW_CART_MODE":0x43,
		"OFW_FW_VER":0x56,
		"OFW_PCB_VER":0x68,
		"OFW_USART_1_0M_SPEED":0x3C,
		"OFW_USART_1_5M_SPEED":0x3E,
		"OFW_CART_PWR_ON":0x2F,
		"OFW_CART_PWR_OFF":0x2E,
		"OFW_QUERY_CART_PWR":0x5D,
		"OFW_DONE_LED_ON":0x3D,
		"OFW_ERROR_LED_ON":0x3F,
		"OFW_GB_CART_MODE":0x47,
		"OFW_GB_FLASH_BANK_1_COMMAND_WRITES":0x4E,
		"OFW_LNL_QUERY":0x25,
		"DEBUG":0xA0,
		"QUERY_FW_INFO":0xA1,
		"SET_MODE_AGB":0xA2,
		"SET_MODE_DMG":0xA3,
		"SET_VOLTAGE_3_3V":0xA4,
		"SET_VOLTAGE_5V":0xA5,
		"SET_VARIABLE":0xA6,
		"SET_FLASH_CMD":0xA7,
		"SET_ADDR_AS_INPUTS":0xA8,
		"CLK_TOGGLE":0xA9,
		"ENABLE_PULLUPS":0xAB,
		"DISABLE_PULLUPS":0xAC,
		"GET_VARIABLE":0xAD,
		"GET_VAR_STATE":0xAE,
		"SET_VAR_STATE":0xAF,
		"DMG_CART_READ":0xB1,
		"DMG_CART_WRITE":0xB2,
		"DMG_CART_WRITE_SRAM":0xB3,
		"DMG_MBC_RESET":0xB4,
		"DMG_MBC7_READ_EEPROM":0xB5,
		"DMG_MBC7_WRITE_EEPROM":0xB6,
		"DMG_MBC6_MMSA_WRITE_FLASH":0xB7,
		"DMG_SET_BANK_CHANGE_CMD":0xB8,
		"DMG_EEPROM_WRITE":0xB9,
		"DMG_CART_READ_MEASURE":0xBA,
		"AGB_CART_READ":0xC1,
		"AGB_CART_WRITE":0xC2,
		"AGB_CART_READ_SRAM":0xC3,
		"AGB_CART_WRITE_SRAM":0xC4,
		"AGB_CART_READ_EEPROM":0xC5,
		"AGB_CART_WRITE_EEPROM":0xC6,
		"AGB_CART_WRITE_FLASH_DATA":0xC7,
		"AGB_CART_READ_3D_MEMORY":0xC8,
		"AGB_BOOTUP_SEQUENCE":0xC9,
		"AGB_READ_GPIO_RTC":0xCA,
		"DMG_FLASH_WRITE_BYTE":0xD1,
		"AGB_FLASH_WRITE_SHORT":0xD2,
		"FLASH_PROGRAM":0xD3,
		"CART_WRITE_FLASH_CMD":0xD4,
		"CALC_CRC32":0xD5,
		"BOOTLOADER_RESET":0xF1,
		"CART_PWR_ON":0xF2,
		"CART_PWR_OFF":0xF3,
		"QUERY_CART_PWR":0xF4,
		"SET_PIN":0xF5,
	}
	# \#define VAR(\d+)_([^\t]+)\t+(.+)
	DEVICE_VAR = {
		"ADDRESS":[32, 0x00],
		"AUTO_POWEROFF_TIME":[32, 0x01],
		"TRANSFER_SIZE":[16, 0x00],
		"BUFFER_SIZE":[16, 0x01],
		"DMG_ROM_BANK":[16, 0x02],
		"STATUS_REGISTER":[16, 0x03],
		"LAST_BANK_ACCESSED":[16, 0x04],
		"STATUS_REGISTER_MASK":[16, 0x05],
		"STATUS_REGISTER_VALUE":[16, 0x06],
		"CART_MODE":[8, 0x00],
		"DMG_ACCESS_MODE":[8, 0x01],
		"FLASH_COMMAND_SET":[8, 0x02],
		"FLASH_METHOD":[8, 0x03],
		"FLASH_WE_PIN":[8, 0x04],
		"FLASH_PULSE_RESET":[8, 0x05],
		"FLASH_COMMANDS_BANK_1":[8, 0x06],
		"FLASH_SHARP_VERIFY_SR":[8, 0x07],
		"DMG_READ_CS_PULSE":[8, 0x08],
		"DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE":[8, 0x09],
		"FLASH_DOUBLE_DIE":[8, 0x0A],
		"DMG_READ_METHOD":[8, 0x0B],
		"AGB_READ_METHOD":[8, 0x0C],
		"CART_POWERED":[8, 0x0D],
		"PULLUPS_ENABLED":[8, 0x0E],
		"AUTO_POWEROFF_ENABLED":[8, 0x0F],
		"AGB_IRQ_ENABLED":[8, 0x10],
		"DMG_AUDIO_ENABLED":[8, 0x11],
	}

	ACTIONS = {"ROM_READ":1, "SAVE_READ":2, "SAVE_WRITE":3, "ROM_WRITE":4, "ROM_WRITE_VERIFY":4, "SAVE_WRITE_VERIFY":3, "RTC_WRITE":5, "DETECT_CART":6}
	SUPPORTED_CARTS = {}
	
	FW = {}
	FW_UPDATE_REQ = False
	FW_VAR = {}
	MODE = None
	PORT = ''
	DEVICE = None
	WORKER = None
	INFO = { "action":None, "last_action":None, "dump_info":{} }
	ERROR = False
	ERROR_ARGS = {}
	CANCEL = False
	CANCEL_ARGS = {}
	SIGNAL = None
	POS = 0
	NO_PROG_UPDATE = False
	FAST_READ = False
	SKIPPING = False
	DEVICE_TIMEOUT = 1
	WRITE_DELAY = False
	READ_ERRORS = 0
	WRITE_ERRORS = 0
	DMG_READ_METHOD = 1
	DMG_READ_METHODS = ["RD", "A15", "SlowA15"]
	AGB_READ_METHOD = 0
	AGB_READ_METHODS = ["Single", "MemCpy", "Stream"]
	LAST_CHECK_ACTIVE = 0
	USER_ANSWER = None
	
	def __init__(self):
		pass
	
	@abstractmethod
	def Initialize(self, flashcarts, port=None, max_baud=2000000):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def CheckActive(self):
		raise NotImplementedError

	@abstractmethod
	def LoadFirmwareVersion(self):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def GetFirmwareVersion(self, more=False):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def ChangeBaudRate(self, baudrate):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def CanSetVoltageManually(self):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def CanSetVoltageAutomatically(self):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def CanPowerCycleCart(self):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def GetSupprtedModes(self):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def IsSupported3dMemory(self):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def IsClkConnected(self):
		raise NotImplementedError

	@abstractmethod
	def GetFullNameExtended(self, more=False):
		raise NotImplementedError

	@abstractmethod
	def SupportsFirmwareUpdates(self):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def FirmwareUpdateAvailable(self):
		raise NotImplementedError
	
	@abstractmethod
	def GetFirmwareUpdaterClass(self):
		raise NotImplementedError

	@abstractmethod
	def ResetLEDs(self):
		raise NotImplementedError

	@abstractmethod
	def SupportsBootloaderReset(self):
		raise NotImplementedError

	@abstractmethod
	def BootloaderReset(self):
		raise NotImplementedError

	@abstractmethod
	def SupportsAudioAsWe(self):
		raise NotImplementedError

	#################################################################
	
	def IsSupportedMbc(self, mbc):
		return mbc in ( 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x05, 0x06, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0B, 0x0D, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x20, 0x22, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0xFE, 0xFF, 0x101, 0x103, 0x104, 0x105, 0x110, 0x201, 0x202, 0x203, 0x204, 0x205, 0x206 )
	
	def IsUnregistered(self):
		if "unregistered" in self.FW:
			return self.FW["unregistered"]
		else:
			return False

	def TryConnect(self, port, baudrate):
		dprint("Trying to connect to {:s} at baud rate {:d} ({:s})".format(port, baudrate, type(self).__module__))
		try:
			dev = serial.Serial(port, baudrate, timeout=0.1)
		except SerialException as e:
			dprint(f"Couldn’t connect to port {port:s} at baudrate {baudrate:d}:", e)
			return False
		self.DEVICE = dev
		check = self.LoadFirmwareVersion()
		self.DEVICE = None
		dev.close()
		return check

	def GetBaudRate(self):
		return self.BAUDRATE
	
	def SetDMGReadMethod(self, method):
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 12: return
		if 0 < method >= len(self.DMG_READ_METHODS): method = 0
		dprint("Setting DMG Read Method to", method)
		self.DMG_READ_METHOD = method
		self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_METHOD", self.DMG_READ_METHOD)

	def SetAGBReadMethod(self, method):
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 12: return
		if 0 < method >= len(self.AGB_READ_METHODS): method = 0
		dprint("Setting AGB Read Method to", method)
		self.AGB_READ_METHOD = method
		self._set_fw_variable("AGB_READ_METHOD", self.AGB_READ_METHOD)

	def SetPin(self, pins: list, set_high):
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 12: return
		pin_names = [ "CART_POWER", "PIN_CLK", "PIN_WR", "PIN_RD", "PIN_CS" ]
		for i in range(0, 24):
			pin_names.append(f"PIN_A{i}")
		pin_names += [ "PIN_CS2", "PIN_AUDIO" ]
		value = 0
		p = 0
		for p in pins:
			if isinstance(p, int):
				if p > 30:
					print("Invalid pin index specified:", p)
					continue
			elif isinstance(p, str):
				if p not in pin_names:
					print("Invalid pin index specified:", p)
					continue
				p = pin_names.index(p)
			value |= (1 << p)
		
		for i in range(0, 31):
			if (value >> i & 1) == 1:
				dprint(f"Setting pin {pin_names[p]}: {set_high}")

		dprint(f"Value: {value:031b}")
		buffer = bytearray([self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_PIN"]])
		buffer.extend(struct.pack(">I", value))
		buffer.extend(struct.pack("B", 1 if set_high else 0))
		return self._write(buffer, wait=True)

	def UpdateFlashCarts(self, flashcarts):
		self.SUPPORTED_CARTS = { 
			"DMG":{ "Generic ROM Cartridge":"RETAIL" },
			"AGB":{ "Generic ROM Cartridge":"RETAIL" }
		}
		for mode in flashcarts.keys():
			for key in sorted(flashcarts[mode].keys(), key=str.casefold):
				self.SUPPORTED_CARTS[mode][key] = flashcarts[mode][key]

	def IsConnected(self):
		if self.DEVICE is None: return False
		if not self.DEVICE.isOpen(): return False
		try:
			while self.DEVICE.in_waiting > 0:
				dprint("Clearing input buffer... ({:d})".format(self.DEVICE.in_waiting), self.DEVICE.read(self.DEVICE.in_waiting))
				self.DEVICE.reset_input_buffer()
				time.sleep(0.05)
			self.DEVICE.reset_output_buffer()
			return self.CheckActive()
		except SerialException as e:
			print("Connection lost!")
			try:
				if e.args[0].startswith("ClearCommError failed"):
					self.DEVICE.close()
					return False
			except:
				pass
			print(str(e))
			return False

	def Close(self, cartPowerOff=False):
		if self.IsConnected():
			dprint("Disconnecting from the device")
			try:
				if cartPowerOff and self.CanPowerCycleCart():
					self._set_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_TIME", 0)
					if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["CART_PWR_OFF"], wait=True)
					else:
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["OFW_CART_PWR_OFF"], wait=False)
				else:
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_3_3V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
				self.DEVICE.close()
			except:
				self.DEVICE = None
			self.MODE = None

	def GetName(self):
		return self.DEVICE_NAME
	
	def GetFullNameLabel(self):
		return "{:s} – Firmware {:s}".format(self.GetFullName(), self.GetFirmwareVersion())
	
	def GetPCBVersion(self):
		if self.FW["pcb_ver"] in self.PCB_VERSIONS:
			return self.PCB_VERSIONS[self.FW["pcb_ver"]]
		else:
			return "(unknown revision)"
	
	def GetFullName(self):
		if len(self.GetPCBVersion()) > 0:
			return "{:s} {:s}".format(self.GetName(), self.GetPCBVersion())
		else:
			return self.GetName()
	
	def GetPort(self):
		return self.PORT
	
	def GetFWBuildDate(self):
		return self.FW["fw_dt"]
	
	def SetWriteDelay(self, enable=True):
		if self.WRITE_DELAY != enable:
			dprint("Setting Write Delay to", enable)
			self.WRITE_DELAY = enable
	
	def SetTimeout(self, seconds=1):
		if seconds < 0.1: seconds = 0.1
		self.DEVICE_TIMEOUT = seconds
		self.DEVICE.timeout = self.DEVICE_TIMEOUT
	
	def AbortOperation(self, from_user=True):
		self.CANCEL_ARGS["from_user"] = from_user
		self.CANCEL = True
		self.ERROR = False

	def wait_for_ack(self, values=None):
		if values is None: values = [0x01, 0x03]
		buffer = self._read(1)
		if buffer not in values:
			tb_stack = traceback.extract_stack()
			stack = tb_stack[len(tb_stack)-2] # caller only
			if stack.name == "_write": stack = tb_stack[len(tb_stack)-3]
			dprint("CANCEL_ARGS:", self.CANCEL_ARGS)
			if "from_user" in self.CANCEL_ARGS and self.CANCEL_ARGS["from_user"]:
				return False
			elif buffer is False:
				dprint("Timeout error ({:s}(), line {:d}): {:f}".format(stack.name, stack.lineno, self.DEVICE.timeout))
				dprint("Traceback:\n", ''.join(traceback.format_stack()[:-1]))
				self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"A timeout error has occured at {:s}() in line {:d}. Please make sure that the cartridge contacts are clean, re-connect the device and try again from the beginning.".format(stack.name, stack.lineno)})
			elif buffer == 2:
				dprint("Error reported ({:s}(), line {:d}): {:s}".format(stack.name, stack.lineno, str(buffer)))
				dprint("Traceback:\n", ''.join(traceback.format_stack()[:-1]))
				self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"The device reported an error while running {:s}() in line {:d}. Please make sure that the cartridge contacts are clean, re-connect the device and try again from the beginning.".format(stack.name, stack.lineno)})
			else:
				dprint("Communication error ({:s}(), line {:d}): {:s}".format(stack.name, stack.lineno, str(buffer)))
				dprint("Traceback:\n", ''.join(traceback.format_stack()[:-1]))
				self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"A communication error has occured at {:s}() in line {:d}. Please make sure that the cartridge contacts are clean, re-connect the device and try again from the beginning.".format(stack.name, stack.lineno)})
			self.ERROR = True
			self.CANCEL = True
			self.WRITE_ERRORS += 1
			if self.WRITE_ERRORS > 3:
				self.SetWriteDelay(enable=True)
			return False
		return buffer

	def _try_write(self, data, retries=5):
		while retries > 0:
			ack = self._write(data, wait=True)
			if "from_user" in self.CANCEL_ARGS and self.CANCEL_ARGS["from_user"]:
				return False
			if ack is not False:
				self.ERROR = False
				self.CANCEL = False
				self.CANCEL_ARGS = {}
				return ack
			retries -= 1
			dprint("Retries left:", retries)
			
			hp = 20
			temp = 0
			while temp not in (1, 2) and hp > 0:
				self.DEVICE.reset_output_buffer()
				self.DEVICE.reset_input_buffer()
				self.DEVICE.write(b'\x00')
				temp = self._read(1)
				hp -= 1
				dprint("Current response:", temp, ", HP:", hp)
			#if hp == 0: break
		return False
	
	def _write(self, data, wait=False):
		if not isinstance(data, bytearray):
			data = bytearray([data])

		if Util.DEBUG:
			dstr = ' '.join(format(x, '02X') for x in data)
			cmd = ""
			if len(data) < 32:
				try:
					cmd = "[{:s}] ".format((list(self.DEVICE_CMD.keys())[list(self.DEVICE_CMD.values()).index(data[0])]))
				except:
					pass
			dprint("[{:02X}] {:s}{:s}".format(int(len(dstr)/3) + 1, cmd, dstr[:96]))
		
		self.DEVICE.write(data)
		self.DEVICE.flush()
		
		# On MacOS it’s possible not all bytes are transmitted successfully,
		# even though we’re using flush() which is the tcdrain function.
		# Still looking for a better solution than delaying here.
		if self.WRITE_DELAY is True or (platform.system() == "Darwin" and ("pcb_name" not in self.FW or self.FW["pcb_name"] == "GBxCart RW")):
			time.sleep(0.0014)
		
		if wait: return self.wait_for_ack()
	
	def _read(self, count):
		if self.DEVICE.in_waiting > 1000: dprint("Warning: in_waiting={:d} bytes".format(self.DEVICE.in_waiting))
		buffer = self.DEVICE.read(count)

		if len(buffer) != count:
			hp = 50
			while (self.DEVICE.in_waiting != (count - len(buffer))) and hp > 0:
				time.sleep(0.01)
				hp -= 1
			if hp > 0:
				# dprint(f"Recovery: {self.DEVICE.in_waiting} byte(s) in queue! (HP: {hp}/50)")
				buffer += self.DEVICE.read(count)
		
		if len(buffer) != count:
			tb_stack = traceback.extract_stack()
			stack = tb_stack[len(tb_stack)-2] # caller only
			if stack.name == "_read": stack = tb_stack[len(tb_stack)-3]
			dprint("Error: Received only {:d} of {:d} byte(s) ({:s}(), line {:d})".format(len(buffer), count, stack.name, stack.lineno))
			dprint("Timeout value:", self.DEVICE.timeout)
			dprint("Traceback:\n", ''.join(traceback.format_stack()[:-1]))
			self.READ_ERRORS += 1
			while self.DEVICE.in_waiting > 0:
				self.DEVICE.reset_input_buffer()
				time.sleep(0.5)
			self.DEVICE.reset_output_buffer()
			return False
		
		if count == 1:
			return buffer[0]
		else:
			return bytearray(buffer)

	def _get_fw_variable(self, key):
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 10: return 0
		dprint("Getting firmware variable {:s}".format(key))

		size = 0
		for (k, v) in self.DEVICE_VAR.items():
			if key in k:
				if v[0] == 8: size = 1
				elif v[0] == 16: size = 2
				elif v[0] == 32: size = 4
				key = v[1]
				break
		if size == 0:
			raise KeyError("Unknown variable name specified.")

		buffer = bytearray([self.DEVICE_CMD["GET_VARIABLE"], size])
		buffer.extend(struct.pack(">I", key))
		self._write(buffer)
		temp = self._read(4)
		try:
			return struct.unpack(">I", temp)[0]
		except:
			dprint("Communication error:", temp)
			return False

	def _set_fw_variable(self, key, value):
		# if key == "FLASH_WE_PIN" and not self.SupportsAudioAsWe(): return
		dprint("Setting firmware variable {:s} to 0x{:X}".format(key, value))
		self.FW_VAR[key] = value

		size = 0
		for (k, v) in self.DEVICE_VAR.items():
			if key in k:
				if v[0] == 8: size = 1
				elif v[0] == 16: size = 2
				elif v[0] == 32: size = 4
				key = v[1]
				break
		if size == 0:
			raise KeyError("Unknown variable name specified.")
		
		buffer = bytearray([self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VARIABLE"], size])
		buffer.extend(struct.pack(">I", key))
		buffer.extend(struct.pack(">I", value))

		if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
			return self._try_write(buffer)
		else:
			return self._write(buffer)
		
	def _cart_read(self, address, length=0, agb_save_flash=False):
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			if length == 0:
				length = 1
				if address < 0xA000:
					return struct.unpack("B", self.ReadROM(address, 1))[0]
				else:
					return struct.unpack("B", self.ReadRAM(address - 0xA000, 1))[0]
			else:
				if address < 0xA000:
					return self.ReadROM(address, length)
				else:
					return self.ReadRAM(address - 0xA000, length)
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			if length == 0:
				if agb_save_flash:
					length = 1
					return struct.unpack("B", self.ReadRAM(address, length, command=self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_SRAM"]))[0]
				else:
					length = 2
					return struct.unpack(">H", self.ReadROM(address >> 1, length))[0]
			else:
				if agb_save_flash:
					return self.ReadRAM(address, length, command=self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_SRAM"])
				else:
					return self.ReadROM(address, length)

	def _cart_write(self, address, value, flashcart=False, sram=False):
		dprint("Writing to cartridge: 0x{:X} = 0x{:X} (args: {:s}, {:s})".format(address, value & 0xFF, str(flashcart), str(sram)))
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			if flashcart:
				buffer = bytearray([self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_FLASH_WRITE_BYTE"]])
				buffer.extend(struct.pack(">I", address))
				buffer.extend(struct.pack("B", value & 0xFF))
			else:
				if sram:
					self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 1)
					self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
					self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", 1)
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_CART_WRITE_SRAM"])
					self._write(value, wait=True)
					return
				else:
					buffer = bytearray([self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_CART_WRITE"]])
					buffer.extend(struct.pack(">I", address))
					buffer.extend(struct.pack("B", value & 0xFF))
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			if sram:
				self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", 1)
				self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_WRITE_SRAM"])
				self._write(value, wait=True)
				return
			elif flashcart:
				buffer = bytearray([self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_FLASH_WRITE_SHORT"]])
			else:
				buffer = bytearray([self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_WRITE"]])
			
			buffer.extend(struct.pack(">I", address >> 1))
			buffer.extend(struct.pack(">H", value & 0xFFFF))
		
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
			self._try_write(buffer)
		else:
			self._write(buffer)
		
		if self.MODE == "DMG" and sram: self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 0)
	
	def _cart_write_flash(self, commands, flashcart=False):
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 6 and not (self.MODE == "AGB" and not flashcart):
			for command in commands:
				if self._cart_write(command[0], command[1], flashcart=flashcart) is False:
					print("ERROR")
			return
		
		num = len(commands)
		buffer = bytearray([self.DEVICE_CMD["CART_WRITE_FLASH_CMD"]])
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 6:
			buffer.extend(struct.pack("B", 1 if flashcart else 0))
		buffer.extend(struct.pack("B", num))
		for i in range(0, num):
			dprint("Writing to cartridge: 0x{:X} = 0x{:X} ({:d} of {:d})".format(commands[i][0], commands[i][1], i+1, num))
			if self.MODE == "AGB" and flashcart:
				buffer.extend(struct.pack(">I", commands[i][0] >> 1))
			else:
				buffer.extend(struct.pack(">I", commands[i][0]))
			
			if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 6:
				buffer.extend(struct.pack("B", commands[i][1]))
			else:
				buffer.extend(struct.pack(">H", commands[i][1]))
		
		self._write(buffer)
		ret = self._read(1)
		if ret != 0x01:
			if ret is False:
				msg = "Error: No response while trying to communicate with the device."
				time.sleep(0.5)
				self.DEVICE.reset_input_buffer()
			else:
				msg = "Error: Bad response “{:s}” while trying to communicate with the device.".format(str(ret))
			print(f"{ANSI.RED}{msg}{ANSI.RESET}")
			dprint(msg)
			#self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"A critical communication error occured during a write. Please avoid passive USB hubs, try different USB ports/cables and re-connect the device."})
			#self.CANCEL = True
			#self.ERROR = True
			return False
		return True

	def _clk_toggle(self, num=1):
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
			buffer = bytearray()
			buffer.extend(struct.pack("B", self.DEVICE_CMD["CLK_TOGGLE"]))
			buffer.extend(struct.pack(">I", num))
			return self._write(buffer, wait=True)
		else:
			if not self.CanPowerCycleCart(): return False
			for _ in range(0, num):
				self._write(0xA9) # CLK_HIGH
				self._write(0xAA) # CLK_LOW
			return True

	def _set_we_pin_wr(self):
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_WE_PIN", 0x01) # FLASH_WE_PIN_WR
	def _set_we_pin_audio(self):
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_WE_PIN", 0x02) # FLASH_WE_PIN_AUDIO
	
	def CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect(self, delay=0.1):
		if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
			self.CartPowerCycle(delay=delay)
			return
		
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 12:
			self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"This cartridge type requires at least firmware version L12."})
			self.CANCEL = True
			self.USER_ANSWER = None
			return False
		
		mode = self.GetMode()
		var_state = self.GetVarState()

		title = "Power cycle required"
		msg = f"To continue, please re-connect the USB cable of your {self.GetName()} device on port {self.PORT}, preferably on the computer side."
		while True:
			self.SetProgress({"action":"USER_ACTION", "user_action":"REINSERT_CART", "msg":msg, "title":title})
			while self.USER_ANSWER is None:
				dprint("Waiting for the user to confirm the re-connecting of the device.")
				time.sleep(1)
			
			if self.USER_ANSWER is False:
				self.CANCEL = True
				self.USER_ANSWER = None
				return False
			
			self.USER_ANSWER = None
			if self.CheckActive(): continue

			dev = None
			try:
				dev = serial.Serial(self.PORT, self.BAUDRATE, timeout=0.1)
				self.DEVICE = dev
				self.LoadFirmwareVersion()
				self.SetMode(mode)
				self.SetVarState(var_state)
				time.sleep(0.5)
				break

			except SerialException as e:
				del(dev)
				dprint("An error occured while re-connecting to the device:\n", e)
				continue

	def CartPowerCycle(self, delay=0.1):
		if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
			dprint("Power cycling cartridge with a delay of {:.1f} seconds".format(delay))
			self.CartPowerOff(delay=delay)
			self.CartPowerOn(delay=delay)

	def CartPowerOff(self, delay=0.1):
		dprint("Turning off the cartridge power")
		if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
			if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["CART_PWR_OFF"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			else:
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["OFW_CART_PWR_OFF"])
			time.sleep(delay)
		else:
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_ADDR_AS_INPUTS"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
	
	def CartPowerOn(self, delay=0.1):
		if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
			if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["QUERY_CART_PWR"])
				if self._read(1) == 0:
					dprint("Turning on the cartridge power")
					if self.MODE == "DMG":
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_DMG"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
					elif self.MODE == "AGB":
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_AGB"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["CART_PWR_ON"])
					time.sleep(0.2)
					hp = 10
					while hp > 0: # Workaround for GBxCart RW, it sometimes glitches after cart power on?
						if self.DEVICE.in_waiting == 0:
							dprint("Waiting for ACK...")
							hp -= 1
							time.sleep(0.1)
							continue
						temp = self.DEVICE.read(self.DEVICE.in_waiting)
						if len(temp) >= 1: temp = temp[len(temp) - 1]
						if temp == 1: break
						self.DEVICE.timeout = 0.1
						dprint("Unexpected ACK value:", temp)
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["QUERY_CART_PWR"])
						time.sleep(0.05)
						hp -= 1
					
					if hp == 0:
						self.DEVICE.close()
						self.DEVICE = None
						self.ERROR = True
						raise BrokenPipeError("Couldn’t power on the cartridge.")

					self.DEVICE.timeout = self.DEVICE_TIMEOUT

					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["QUERY_CART_PWR"])
					if self._read(1) != 1:
						dprint("Warning: No response from firmware on QUERY_CART_PWR.")
					
					if self.MODE == "DMG":
						dprint("Resetting Memory Bank Controller")
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True) # Sachen (and Xploder GB?) may need this
					elif self.MODE == "AGB":
						dprint("Executing AGB Bootup Sequence")
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_BOOTUP_SEQUENCE"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)

					if self.FW["pcb_name"] == "GBxCart RW":
						self._cart_write(0, 0xFF) # workaround for strange bootlegs

			else:
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["OFW_QUERY_CART_PWR"])
				if self._read(1) == 0:
					dprint("Turning on the cartridge power.")
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["OFW_CART_PWR_ON"])
					time.sleep(delay)
					self.DEVICE.reset_input_buffer() # bug workaround
		
		else:
			if self.MODE == "AGB":
				dprint("Executing AGB Bootup Sequence")
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_BOOTUP_SEQUENCE"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
		
		return True
	
	def GetVarState(self):
		self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["GET_VAR_STATE"])
		time.sleep(0.2)
		var_state = bytearray(self.DEVICE.read(self.DEVICE.in_waiting))
		dprint("Got the state of variables ({:d} bytes)".format(len(var_state)))
		return var_state

	def SetVarState(self, var_state):
		dprint("Sending the state of variables ({:d} bytes)".format(len(var_state)))
		self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VAR_STATE"])
		time.sleep(0.2)
		self.DEVICE.write(var_state)

	def GetMode(self):
		if time.time() < self.LAST_CHECK_ACTIVE + 1: return self.MODE
		if self.CheckActive() is False: return None
		if self.MODE is None: return None
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 12: return self.MODE
		mode = self._get_fw_variable("CART_MODE")
		if mode is False:
			print("{:s}Error: Couldn’t get mode variable from firmware. Please re-connect the device.{:s}".format(ANSI.RED, ANSI.RESET))
			self.DEVICE.close()
			self.DEVICE = None
			self.ERROR = True
			self.CANCEL = True
			return self.MODE
		if mode == 0:
			return None
		modes = self.GetSupprtedModes()
		if mode > len(modes):
			print("{:s}Error: Invalid mode: {:s}{:s}".format(ANSI.RED, str(mode - 1), ANSI.RESET))
			return self.MODE
		self.MODE = modes[mode - 1]
		return self.MODE
	
	def SetMode(self, mode, delay=0.1):
		if mode == "DMG":
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_DMG"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_5V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_METHOD", self.DMG_READ_METHOD)
			self._set_fw_variable("CART_MODE", 1)
			#if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 14: self._set_fw_variable("DMG_AUDIO_ENABLED", 0)
			self.MODE = "DMG"
		elif mode == "AGB":
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_AGB"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_3_3V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			self._set_fw_variable("AGB_READ_METHOD", self.AGB_READ_METHOD)
			self._set_fw_variable("CART_MODE", 2)
			if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12: self._set_fw_variable("AGB_IRQ_ENABLED", 0)
			self.MODE = "AGB"
		self._set_fw_variable(key="ADDRESS", value=0)
		
		if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
			self.CartPowerOn()
		else:
			if mode == "DMG":
				self.SetPin(["PIN_AUDIO"], True)
			elif mode == "AGB":
				self.SetPin(["PIN_AUDIO"], False)
	
	def SetAutoPowerOff(self, value):
		if not self.CanPowerCycleCart(): return
		value &= 0xFFFFFFFF
		dprint(f"Setting automatic power off time value to {value}")
		self._set_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_TIME", value)
		self._set_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_ENABLED", 1 if value != 0 else 0)
	
	def GetSupportedCartridgesDMG(self):
		return (list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS['DMG'].keys()), list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS['DMG'].values()))
	
	def GetSupportedCartridgesAGB(self):
		return (list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS['AGB'].keys()), list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS['AGB'].values()))
	
	def SetProgress(self, args, signal=None):
		if self.CANCEL and args["action"] not in ("ABORT", "FINISHED", "ERROR"): return
		if "pos" in args: self.POS = args["pos"]
		if args["action"] == "UPDATE_POS": self.INFO["transferred"] = args["pos"]
		if signal is None:
			signal = self.SIGNAL
		
		try:
			signal.emit(args)
		except AttributeError:
			if signal is not None:
				signal(args)
		
		if args["action"] == "INITIALIZE":
			if self.CanPowerCycleCart(): self.CartPowerOn() # Ensure cart is powered
			self.POS = 0
		elif args["action"] == "FINISHED":
			self.POS = 0
			signal = None
			self.SIGNAL = None
	
	def Debug(self):
		return

	def ReadInfo(self, setPinsAsInputs=False, checkRtc=True):
		if not self.IsConnected(): raise ConnectionError("Couldn’t access the the device.")
		data = {}
		self.SIGNAL = None

		if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
			self.ResetLEDs()
			self.CartPowerOn()
		
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 8: self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DISABLE_PULLUPS"], wait=True)
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_5V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 0)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 0)
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_3_3V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			if not self.CanPowerCycleCart():
				dprint("Executing AGB Bootup Sequence")
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_BOOTUP_SEQUENCE"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
		else:
			print("{:s}Error: No mode was set.{:s}".format(ANSI.RED, ANSI.RESET))
			return False

		header = self.ReadROM(0, 0x180)

		if ".dev" in Util.VERSION_PEP440 or Util.DEBUG:
			with open(Util.CONFIG_PATH + "/debug_header.bin", "wb") as f: f.write(header)

		# Parse ROM header
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			data = RomFileDMG(header).GetHeader()
			if "game_title" in data and data["game_title"] == "TETRIS" and hashlib.sha1(header).digest() != bytearray([0x1D, 0x69, 0x2A, 0x4B, 0x31, 0x7A, 0xA5, 0xE9, 0x67, 0xEE, 0xC2, 0x2F, 0xCC, 0x32, 0x43, 0x8C, 0xCB, 0xC5, 0x78, 0x0B]): # Sachen
				header = self.ReadROM(0, 0x280)
				data = RomFileDMG(header).GetHeader()
			if "logo_correct" in data and data["logo_correct"] is False and not b"Future Console Design" in header:
				self._cart_write(0, 0xFF) # workaround for strange bootlegs
				time.sleep(0.1)
				header = self.ReadROM(0, 0x280)
				data = RomFileDMG(header).GetHeader()
			if "mapper_raw" in data and data["mapper_raw"] == 0x203 or b"Future Console Design" in header: # Xploder GB version number
				self._cart_write(0x0006, 0)
				header[0:0x10] = self.ReadROM(0x4000, 0x10)
				header[0xD0:0xE0] = self.ReadROM(0x40D0, 0x10)
				data = RomFileDMG(header).GetHeader()
			if data == {}: return False

			data["has_rtc"] = False
			data["rtc_dict"] = {}
			data["rtc_string"] = "Not available"
			if data["logo_correct"] is True:
				_mbc = DMG_MBC().GetInstance(args={"mbc":data["mapper_raw"]}, cart_write_fncptr=self._cart_write, cart_read_fncptr=self._cart_read, cart_powercycle_fncptr=self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect, clk_toggle_fncptr=self._clk_toggle)
				if checkRtc:
					data["has_rtc"] = _mbc.HasRTC() is True
					if data["has_rtc"] is True:
						if _mbc.GetName() == "TAMA5": _mbc.EnableMapper()
						_mbc.LatchRTC()
						data["rtc_buffer"] = _mbc.ReadRTC()
						if _mbc.GetName() == "TAMA5": self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 0)
						try:
							data["rtc_dict"] = _mbc.GetRTCDict()
							data["rtc_string"] = _mbc.GetRTCString()
						except:
							data["rtc_string"] = "Invalid data"
				
				if _mbc.GetName() == "G-MMC1":
					try:
						temp = bytearray([0] * 0x100000)
						temp[0:0x180] = header
						_mbc.SelectBankROM(7)
						if data["game_title"] == "NP M-MENU MENU":
							gbmem_menudata = self.ReadROM(0x4000, 0x1000)
							temp[0x1C000:0x1C000+0x1000] = gbmem_menudata
						elif data["game_title"] == "DMG MULTI MENU ":
							gbmem_menudata = self.ReadROM(0x4000, 0x4000)
							temp[0x1C000:0x1C000+0x4000] = gbmem_menudata
						_mbc.SelectBankROM(0)
						data["gbmem_parsed"] = (GBMemoryMap()).ParseMapData(buffer_map=_mbc.ReadHiddenSector(), buffer_rom=temp)
					except:
						print(traceback.format_exc())
						print("{:s}An error occured while trying to read the hidden sector data of the NP GB-Memory cartridge.{:s}".format(ANSI.RED, ANSI.RESET))

				elif _mbc.GetName() == "MAC-GBD":
					dprint("Reading Game Boy Camera calibration data...")
					_mbc.EnableRAM(True)
					_mbc.SelectBankRAM(2)
					temp = self.ReadRAM(address=0xFF2, length=0xE)
					if temp != bytearray(temp[0] * len(temp)):
						data["gbcamera_calibration1"] = temp
						dprint("Game Boy Camera calibration data 1:", ''.join(format(x, '02X') for x in temp))
					_mbc.SelectBankRAM(8)
					temp = self.ReadRAM(address=0x1FF2, length=0xE)
					if temp != bytearray(temp[0] * len(temp)):
						data["gbcamera_calibration2"] = temp
						dprint("Game Boy Camera calibration data 2:", ''.join(format(x, '02X') for x in temp))
					_mbc.EnableRAM(False)

		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			# Unlock DACS carts on older firmware
			if not self.CanPowerCycleCart() or self.FW["fw_ver"] == 1:
				if header[0x04:0x04+0x9C] in (bytearray([0x00] * 0x9C), bytearray([0xFF] * 0x9C)):
					self.ReadROM(0x1FFFFE0, 20)
					header = self.ReadROM(0, 0x180)
			
			data = RomFileAGB(header).GetHeader()
			if data["logo_correct"] is False: # workaround for strange bootlegs
				self._cart_write(0, 0xFF)
				header = self.ReadROM(0, 0x180)
				data = RomFileAGB(header).GetHeader()

			if data["vast_fame"]: # Unlock full address space for Vast Fame protected carts
				self._cart_write(0xFFF8, 0x99, sram=True)
				self._cart_write(0xFFF9, 0x02, sram=True)
				self._cart_write(0xFFFA, 0x05, sram=True)
				self._cart_write(0xFFFB, 0x02, sram=True)
				self._cart_write(0xFFFC, 0x03, sram=True)

				self._cart_write(0xFFFD, 0x00, sram=True)

				self._cart_write(0xFFF8, 0x99, sram=True)
				self._cart_write(0xFFF9, 0x03, sram=True)
				self._cart_write(0xFFFA, 0x62, sram=True)
				self._cart_write(0xFFFB, 0x02, sram=True)
				self._cart_write(0xFFFC, 0x56, sram=True)

			if data["empty"] or data["empty_nocart"]:
				data["rom_size"] = 0x2000000
			else:
				# Check where the ROM data repeats (for unlicensed carts)
				size_check = header[0xA0:0xA0+16]
				currAddr = 0x10000
				while currAddr < 0x2000000:
					buffer = self.ReadROM(currAddr + 0xA0, 64)[:16]
					if buffer == size_check: break
					currAddr *= 2

				if data["vast_fame"]:
					if currAddr < 0x2000000:
						currAddr >>= 1 # Vast Fame carts are blank for the 1st mirror, so divide by 2
					else: # Some Vast Fame carts have no mirror, check using VF pattern behaviour instead
						currAddr = 0x200000
						while currAddr < 0x2000000:
							sentinel = self.ReadROM(currAddr + 0x2AAAA, 2)
							if int.from_bytes(sentinel) == 0xAAAA: break
							currAddr *= 2

				data["rom_size"] = currAddr

			if (self.ReadROM(0x1FFE000, 0x0C) == b"AGBFLASHDACS"):
				data["dacs_8m"] = True
				if self.FW["pcb_name"] == "GBFlash" and self.FW["pcb_ver"] < 13:
					print("{:s}Note: This cartridge may not be fully compatible with your GBFlash hardware revision. Upgrade to v1.3 or newer for better compatibility.{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, ANSI.RESET))
			
			data["rtc_dict"] = {}
			data["rtc_string"] = "Not available"
			if checkRtc and data["logo_correct"] is True and header[0xC5] == 0 and header[0xC7] == 0 and header[0xC9] == 0:
				_agb_gpio = AGB_GPIO(args={"rtc":True}, cart_write_fncptr=self._cart_write, cart_read_fncptr=self._cart_read, cart_powercycle_fncptr=self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect, clk_toggle_fncptr=self._clk_toggle)
				if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_READ_GPIO_RTC"])
					temp = self._read(8)
					data["has_rtc"] = _agb_gpio.HasRTC(temp) is True
					if data["has_rtc"] is True:
						data["rtc_buffer"] = temp[1:8]
				else:
					data["has_rtc"] = _agb_gpio.HasRTC() is True
					if data["has_rtc"] is True:
						data["rtc_buffer"] = _agb_gpio.ReadRTC()
				try:
					data["rtc_dict"] = _agb_gpio.GetRTCDict(has_rtc=data["has_rtc"])
					data["rtc_string"] = _agb_gpio.GetRTCString(has_rtc=data["has_rtc"])
				except Exception as e:
					dprint("RTC exception:", str(e.args[0]))
					data["has_rtc"] = False
			else:
				data["has_rtc"] = False
				data["no_rtc_reason"] = None
			
			if data["ereader"] is True:
				bank = 0
				dprint("Switching to FLASH bank {:d}".format(bank))
				cmds = [
					[ 0x5555, 0xAA ],
					[ 0x2AAA, 0x55 ],
					[ 0x5555, 0xB0 ],
					[ 0, bank ]
				]
				self._cart_write_flash(cmds)
				temp = self.ReadRAM(address=0xD000, length=0x2000, command=self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_SRAM"])
				if temp[0:0x14] == b'Card-E Reader 2001\0\0':
					data["ereader_calibration"] = temp
				else:
					data["ereader_calibration"] = None
					del(data["ereader_calibration"])
		
		dprint("Header data:", data)
		data["raw"] = header
		self.INFO = {**self.INFO, **data}
		if "batteryless_sram" in self.INFO["dump_info"]: del(self.INFO["dump_info"]["batteryless_sram"])
		self.INFO["dump_info"]["header"] = data
		self.INFO["flash_type"] = 0
		self.INFO["last_action"] = 0
		
		if self.MODE == "DMG": #and setPinsAsInputs:
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_ADDR_AS_INPUTS"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)

		self.Debug()
		return data
	
	def _DetectCartridge(self, args): # Wrapper for thread call
		self.SetProgress({"action":"INITIALIZE", "abortable":False, "method":"DETECT_CART"})
		signal = self.SIGNAL
		self.SIGNAL = None
		ret = self.DoDetectCartridge(mbc=None, limitVoltage=args["limitVoltage"], checkSaveType=args["checkSaveType"], signal=signal)
		self.INFO["detect_cart"] = ret
		self.INFO["last_action"] = self.ACTIONS["DETECT_CART"]
		self.INFO["action"] = None
		self.SIGNAL = signal
		self.SetProgress({"action":"FINISHED"})
		return True

	def DoDetectCartridge(self, mbc=None, limitVoltage=False, checkSaveType=True, signal=None):
		self.SIGNAL = None
		self.CANCEL = False
		self.ERROR = False
		cart_type_id = 0
		save_type = None
		save_chip = None
		sram_unstable = None
		save_size = None
		checkBatterylessSRAM = False
		_apot = 0

		# Header
		if signal is not None: self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_INFO", "text":"Detecting ROM..."}, signal=signal)
		info = self.ReadInfo(checkRtc=True)
		if self.MODE == "DMG" and mbc is None:
			mbc = info["mapper_raw"]
			if mbc > 0x200: checkSaveType = False
		
		# Disable Auto Power Off
		_apoe = False
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
			if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
				self.CartPowerCycle()
				_apoe = self._get_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_ENABLED") == 1
				if _apoe is True:
					_apot = self._get_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_TIME")
					self._set_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_TIME", 5000)
		
		# Detect Flash Cart
		if signal is not None: self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_INFO", "text":"Detecting Flash..."}, signal=signal)
		ret = self.DetectFlash(limitVoltage=limitVoltage)
		if ret is False: return False
		(cart_types, cart_type_id, flash_id, cfi_s, cfi, detected_size) = ret
		supported_carts = list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS[self.MODE].values())
		cart_type = supported_carts[cart_type_id]
		
		# Skip DMG save type detection
		if self.MODE == "DMG" and cart_type_id == 0: checkSaveType = False
		
		# Preparations
		if ("command_set" in cart_type and cart_type["command_set"] in ("DMG-MBC5-32M-FLASH", "GBAMP")) or ("dmg-mbc5-32m-flash" in cart_type):
			checkSaveType = False
		elif self.MODE == "AGB" and "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] == 1:
			save_size = 65536
			save_type = 7
			checkSaveType = False
		elif self.MODE == "AGB" and "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] > 1:
			checkSaveType = False
		elif self.MODE == "DMG" and "mbc" in cart_type and cart_type["mbc"] == 0x105: # G-MMC1
			if signal is not None: self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_INFO", "text":"Detecting GB-Memory..."}, signal=signal)
			header = self.ReadROM(0, 0x180)
			data = RomFileDMG(header).GetHeader()
			_mbc = DMG_MBC().GetInstance(args={"mbc":cart_type["mbc"]}, cart_write_fncptr=self._cart_write, cart_read_fncptr=self._cart_read, cart_powercycle_fncptr=self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect, clk_toggle_fncptr=self._clk_toggle)
			temp = bytearray([0] * 0x100000)
			temp[0:0x180] = header
			_mbc.SelectBankROM(7)
			if data["game_title"] == "NP M-MENU MENU":
				gbmem_menudata = self.ReadROM(0x4000, 0x1000)
				temp[0x1C000:0x1C000+0x1000] = gbmem_menudata
			elif data["game_title"] == "DMG MULTI MENU ":
				gbmem_menudata = self.ReadROM(0x4000, 0x4000)
				temp[0x1C000:0x1C000+0x4000] = gbmem_menudata
			_mbc.SelectBankROM(0)
			info["gbmem"] = _mbc.ReadHiddenSector()
			info["gbmem_parsed"] = (GBMemoryMap()).ParseMapData(buffer_map=info["gbmem"], buffer_rom=temp)
		
		# Save Type and Size
		if checkSaveType:
			if signal is not None: self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_INFO", "text":"Detecting save type..."}, signal=signal)
			if self.MODE == "DMG":
				save_size = 131072
				save_type = 0x04
				if mbc == 0x20: # MBC6
					save_size = 1081344
					save_type = 0x104
					return (info, save_size, save_type, save_chip, sram_unstable, cart_types, cart_type_id, cfi_s, cfi, flash_id, detected_size)
				elif mbc == 0x22: # MBC7
					save_type = 0x102
					save_size = 512
				elif mbc == 0xFD: # TAMA5
					save_size = 32
					save_type = 0x103
					return (info, save_size, save_type, save_chip, sram_unstable, cart_types, cart_type_id, cfi_s, cfi, flash_id, detected_size)
				args = { 'mode':2, 'path':None, 'mbc':mbc, 'save_type':save_type, 'rtc':False, 'detect':True }
			elif self.MODE == "AGB":
				args = { 'mode':2, 'path':None, 'mbc':mbc, 'save_type':8, 'rtc':False, 'detect':True }
			else:
				return
			
			ret = self._BackupRestoreRAM(args=args)
			
			if ret is not False and "data" in self.INFO:
				save_size = Util.find_size(self.INFO["data"], len(self.INFO["data"]))
			else:
				save_size = 0

			if self.MODE == "DMG":
				try:
					save_type = Util.DMG_Header_RAM_Sizes_Map[Util.DMG_Header_RAM_Sizes_Flasher_Map.index(save_size)]
				except:
					save_size = 0
					save_type = 0
				
				if save_size > 0x20:
					if mbc == 0x22: # MBC7
						if save_size == 256:
							save_type = 0x101
						elif save_size == 512:
							save_type = 0x102
					elif save_size > 0x10000: # MBC30+RTC?
						check = True
						for i in range(0x8000, 0x10000, 0x40):
							if self.INFO["data"][i:i+3] != bytearray([self.INFO["data"][i]] * 3):
								check = False
								break
						
						if self.INFO["data"][0:0x8000] == self.INFO["data"][0x8000:0x10000]: # MBCX
							check = True
						
						if check:
							save_size = 32768
							save_type = 0x03
						else:
							check = True
							for i in range(0x1A000, 0x20000, 0x40):
								if self.INFO["data"][i:i+3] != bytearray([self.INFO["data"][i]] * 3):
									check = False
									break
							if check:
								save_size = 65536
								save_type = 0x05
			
			elif self.MODE == "AGB":
				if info["3d_memory"] is True:
					save_type = None
					save_size = 0
				else:
					# Check for FLASH
					ret = self.ReadFlashSaveID()
					if ret is not False:
						(flash_save_id, _) = ret
						try:
							if flash_save_id != 0 and flash_save_id in Util.AGB_Flash_Save_Chips:
								save_size = Util.AGB_Flash_Save_Chips_Sizes[list(Util.AGB_Flash_Save_Chips).index(flash_save_id)]
								save_chip = Util.AGB_Flash_Save_Chips[flash_save_id]
								
								if flash_save_id in (0xBF5B, 0xFFFF): # Bootlegs
									if self.INFO["data"][0:0x20000] == bytearray([0xFF] * 0x20000):
										save_type = 5
									elif self.INFO["data"][0:0x10000] == self.INFO["data"][0x10000:0x20000]:
										save_type = 4
									else:
										save_type = 5
								elif save_size == 131072:
									save_type = 5
								elif save_size == 65536:
									save_type = 4
						except:
							pass

					if save_type is None:
						checkBatterylessSRAM = True
						if info["dacs_8m"] is True:
							save_size = 1048576
							save_type = 6
						elif save_size > 256: # SRAM
							if save_size == 131072:
								save_type = 8
								checkBatterylessSRAM = True
							elif save_size == 65536:
								save_type = 7
								checkBatterylessSRAM = True
							elif save_size == 32768:
								save_type = 3
							elif save_size in Util.AGB_Header_Save_Sizes:
								save_type = Util.AGB_Header_Save_Sizes.index(save_size)
							else:
								save_type = None
								save_size = 0
						else:
							dprint("Testing EEPROM")
							# Check for 4K EEPROM
							self._BackupRestoreRAM(args={ 'mode':2, 'path':None, 'mbc':mbc, 'save_type':1, 'rtc':False, 'detect':True })
							save_size = Util.find_size(self.INFO["data"], len(self.INFO["data"]))
							eeprom_4k = self.INFO["data"]
							# Check for 64K EEPROM
							self._BackupRestoreRAM(args={ 'mode':2, 'path':None, 'mbc':mbc, 'save_type':2, 'rtc':False, 'detect':True })
							save_size = Util.find_size(self.INFO["data"], len(self.INFO["data"]))
							eeprom_64k = self.INFO["data"]
							if eeprom_64k in (bytearray([0xFF] * len(eeprom_64k)), bytearray([0] * len(eeprom_64k))):
								save_size = 0
								save_type = 0
							elif (eeprom_4k == eeprom_64k[:len(eeprom_4k)]):
								save_type = 2
								save_size = 8192
								checkBatterylessSRAM = False
							else:
								save_type = 1
								save_size = 512
								checkBatterylessSRAM = False

					if checkBatterylessSRAM:
						batteryless = self.CheckBatterylessSRAM()
						if batteryless is not False:
							save_type = 9
							info["batteryless_sram"] = batteryless
							self.INFO["dump_info"]["batteryless_sram"] = batteryless

		self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
		self.INFO["last_action"] = 0
		self.INFO["action"] = None

		if self.CanPowerCycleCart() and _apoe is True:
			self._set_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_TIME", _apot)

		return (info, save_size, save_type, save_chip, sram_unstable, cart_types, cart_type_id, cfi_s, cfi, flash_id, detected_size)
	
	def CheckBatterylessSRAM(self):
		bl_size = None
		bl_offset = None
		if self.MODE == "AGB":
			buffer = self.ReadROM(0, 0x180)
			header = RomFileAGB(buffer).GetHeader()
			if header["game_code"] in ("GMBC", "PNES"):
				bl_size = 0x10000
				state_id1 = 0x57a731d7
				state_id2 = 0x57a731d8
				state_id3 = 0x57a731d9
				if struct.unpack("<I", self.ReadROM(0x400000-0x40000, 4))[0] in (state_id1, state_id2, state_id3):
					bl_offset = 0x400000-0x40000
				elif struct.unpack("<I", self.ReadROM(0x800000-0x40000, 4))[0] in (state_id1, state_id2, state_id3):
					bl_offset = 0x800000-0x40000
				elif struct.unpack("<I", self.ReadROM(0x1000000-0x40000, 4))[0] in (state_id1, state_id2, state_id3):
					bl_offset = 0x1000000-0x40000
				elif struct.unpack("<I", self.ReadROM(0x2000000-0x40000, 4))[0] in (state_id1, state_id2, state_id3):
					bl_offset = 0x2000000-0x40000
				dprint("Detected Goomba Color or PocketNES Batteryless ROM by Lesserkuma")
			else:
				boot_vector = (struct.unpack("<I", buffer[0:3] + bytearray([0]))[0] + 2) << 2
				batteryless_loader = self.ReadROM(boot_vector, 0x2000)
				try:
					if bytearray(b'<3 from Maniac') in batteryless_loader:
						payload_size = struct.unpack("<H", batteryless_loader[batteryless_loader.index(bytearray(b'<3 from Maniac')):][0x0E:0x10])[0]
						if payload_size == 0:
							payload_size = 0x414
						bl_offset = batteryless_loader.index(bytearray(b'<3 from Maniac')) + boot_vector + 0x10
						payload = self.ReadROM(bl_offset - payload_size, payload_size)
						bl_size = struct.unpack("<I", payload[0x8:0xC])[0]
						dprint("Detected Batteryless SRAM ROM made with the Automatic batteryless saving patcher for GBA by metroid-maniac")
						if bl_size not in (0x2000, 0x8000, 0x10000, 0x20000):
							print("{:s}Warning: Unsupported Batteryless SRAM size value detected: 0x{:X}{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, bl_size, ANSI.RESET))
					elif (bytearray([0x02, 0x13, 0xA0, 0xE3]) in batteryless_loader):
						if (
								bytearray([0x09, 0x04, 0xA0, 0xE3]) in batteryless_loader or
								bytearray([0x09, 0x14, 0xA0, 0xE3]) in batteryless_loader or
								bytearray([0x09, 0x24, 0xA0, 0xE3]) in batteryless_loader or
								bytearray([0x09, 0x34, 0xA0, 0xE3]) in batteryless_loader
						):
							bl_size = 0x20000
						else:
							bl_size = 0x10000
						base_addr = batteryless_loader.index(bytearray([0x02, 0x13, 0xA0, 0xE3]))
						addr_value = batteryless_loader[base_addr - 8]
						addr_rotate_right = batteryless_loader[base_addr - 7] * 2
						addr_shift = batteryless_loader[base_addr - 3] << 1
						address = (addr_value >> addr_rotate_right) | (addr_value << (32 - addr_rotate_right)) & 0xFFFFFFFF
						address = (address << addr_shift)
						if address < 32*1024*1024 and address > 0x1000:
							bl_offset = address
							dprint("Detected Chinese bootleg Batteryless SRAM ROM")
						else:
							dprint("Bad offset with Chinese bootleg Batteryless SRAM ROM:", hex(address))
				except Exception as e:
					dprint("An error occured while trying to determine the Batteryless SRAM method.\n", e)
					bl_offset = None
					bl_size = None
		if bl_offset is None or bl_size is None:
			dprint("No Batteryless SRAM routine detected")
			return False
		dprint("bl_offset=0x{:X}, bl_size=0x{:X}".format(bl_offset, bl_size))
		return {"bl_offset":bl_offset, "bl_size":bl_size}

	def ReadFlashSaveID(self):
		# Check if actually SRAM/FRAM
		dprint("Checking Flash ID of Save Memory")
		test1 = self._cart_read(0, 0x10, agb_save_flash=True)[4]
		self._cart_write_flash([[ 0x0004, test1 ^ 0xFF ]])
		test2 = self._cart_read(0, 0x10, agb_save_flash=True)[4]
		self._cart_write_flash([[ 0x0004, test1 ]])
		if test1 != test2:
			dprint(f"Seems to be SRAM/FRAM, not FLASH (value 0x{test1:02X} was changed to 0x{test2:02X} by SRAM access at address 0x4)", test1, test2)
			return False

		# Read Chip ID
		temp5555 = self._cart_read(0x5555, agb_save_flash=True) >> 8
		temp2AAA = self._cart_read(0x2AAA, agb_save_flash=True) >> 8
		temp0000 = self._cart_read(0x0000, agb_save_flash=True) >> 8
		
		cmds = [
			[ 0x5555, 0xAA ],
			[ 0x2AAA, 0x55 ],
			[ 0x5555, 0x90 ]
		]
		self._cart_write_flash(cmds)
		agb_flash_chip = struct.unpack(">H", self._cart_read(0, 2, agb_save_flash=True))[0]
		cmds = [
			[ 0x5555, 0xAA ],
			[ 0x2AAA, 0x55 ],
			[ 0x5555, 0xF0 ]
		]
		self._cart_write_flash(cmds)
		time.sleep(0.01)
		self._cart_write_flash([ [ 0, 0xF0 ] ])
		time.sleep(0.01)
		
		if agb_flash_chip not in Util.AGB_Flash_Save_Chips:
			# Restore SRAM values
			cmds = [
				[ 0x5555, temp5555 ],
				[ 0x2AAA, temp2AAA ],
				[ 0x0000, temp0000 ]
			]
			self._cart_write_flash(cmds)
			agb_flash_chip_name = "Unknown flash chip ID (0x{:04X})".format(agb_flash_chip)
		else:
			agb_flash_chip_name = Util.AGB_Flash_Save_Chips[agb_flash_chip]
		
		dprint(agb_flash_chip_name)
		return (agb_flash_chip, agb_flash_chip_name)
	
	def ReadROM(self, address, length, skip_init=False, max_length=64):
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		dprint("Reading 0x{:X} bytes from cartridge ROM at 0x{:X} in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, address, num))
		if length > max_length: length = max_length

		buffer = bytearray()
		if not skip_init:
			self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
			if self.MODE == "DMG":
				self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
				self._set_fw_variable("DMG_ACCESS_MODE", 1) # MODE_ROM_READ
			elif self.MODE == "AGB":
				self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address >> 1)
		
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			command = "DMG_CART_READ"
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			command = "AGB_CART_READ"
		else:
			raise NotImplementedError
		
		for n in range(0, num):
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD[command])
			temp = self._read(length)
			if temp is not False and isinstance(temp, int): temp = bytearray([temp])
			if temp is False or len(temp) != length:
				dprint("Error while trying to read 0x{:X} bytes from cartridge ROM at 0x{:X} in iteration {:d} of {:d} (response: {:s})".format(length, address, n, num, str(temp)))
				return bytearray()
			buffer += temp
			if self.INFO["action"] in (self.ACTIONS["ROM_READ"], self.ACTIONS["SAVE_READ"], self.ACTIONS["ROM_WRITE_VERIFY"]) and not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"READ", "bytes_added":len(temp)})
		
		return buffer

	def ReadROM_3DMemory(self, address, length, max_length=64):
		buffer_size = 0x1000
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		dprint("Reading 0x{:X} bytes from cartridge ROM in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, num))
		if length > max_length: length = max_length

		self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
		self._set_fw_variable("BUFFER_SIZE", buffer_size)
		self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address >> 1)

		buffer = bytearray()
		error = False
		for _ in range(0, int(num / (buffer_size / length))): #32
			for _ in range(0, int(buffer_size / length)): # 0x1000/0x200=8
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_3D_MEMORY"])
				temp = self._read(length)
				if isinstance(temp, int): temp = bytearray([temp])
				if temp is False or len(temp) != length:
					error = True
				buffer += temp
				if self.INFO["action"] == self.ACTIONS["ROM_READ"] and not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
					self.SetProgress({"action":"READ", "bytes_added":length})
			self._write(0)
		
		if error: return bytearray()
		return buffer

	def ReadROM_GBAMP(self, address, length, max_length=64):
		dprint("GBAMP ROM Read Mode", hex(address), hex(length), hex(max_length))
		addr = (address >> 13 << 16) | (address & 0x1FFF)
		dprint(f"0x{address:07X} → 0x{addr:07X}")
		return self.ReadROM(address=addr, length=length, max_length=max_length)

	def ReadRAM(self, address, length, command=None, max_length=64):
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		dprint("Reading 0x{:X} bytes from cartridge RAM in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, num))
		if length > max_length: length = max_length
		buffer = bytearray()
		self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
		
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", 0xA000 + address)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_ACCESS_MODE", 3) # MODE_RAM_READ
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 1)
			if command is None: command = self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_CART_READ"]
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
			if command is None: command = self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_SRAM"]

		for _ in range(0, num):
			self._write(command)
			temp = self._read(length)
			if isinstance(temp, int): temp = bytearray([temp])
			if temp is False or len(temp) != length: return bytearray()
			buffer += temp
			if not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"READ", "bytes_added":len(temp)})

		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 0)

		return buffer

	def ReadRAM_MBC7(self, address, length):
		max_length = 32
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		dprint("Reading 0x{:X} bytes from cartridge EEPROM in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, num))
		if length > max_length: length = max_length
		buffer = bytearray()
		self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
		self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
		for _ in range(0, num):
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC7_READ_EEPROM"])
			temp = self._read(length)
			if isinstance(temp, int): temp = bytearray([temp])
			buffer += temp
			if not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"READ", "bytes_added":len(temp)})
		
		return buffer

	def ReadRAM_TAMA5(self):
		dprint("Reading 0x20 bytes from cartridge RAM")
		buffer = bytearray()
		npu = self.NO_PROG_UPDATE
		self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = True
		self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 1)
		self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 1)

		# Read save state
		for i in range(0, 0x20):
			self._cart_write(0xA001, 0x06, sram=True) # register select and address (high)
			self._cart_write(0xA000, i >> 4 | 0x01 << 1, sram=True) # bit 0 = higher ram address, rest = command
			self._cart_write(0xA001, 0x07, sram=True) # address (low)
			self._cart_write(0xA000, i & 0x0F, sram=True) # bits 0-3 = lower ram address
			self._cart_write(0xA001, 0x0D, sram=True) # data out (high)
			value1, value2 = None, None
			while value1 is None or value1 != value2:
				value2 = value1
				value1 = self._cart_read(0xA000)
			data_h = value1
			self._cart_write(0xA001, 0x0C, sram=True) # data out (low)

			value1, value2 = None, None
			while value1 is None or value1 != value2:
				value2 = value1
				value1 = self._cart_read(0xA000)
			data_l = value1
			
			data = ((data_h & 0xF) << 4) | (data_l & 0xF)
			buffer.append(data)
			self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "abortable":False, "pos":i+1})
		
		self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 0)
		
		self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = npu
		return buffer
	
	def WriteRAM(self, address, buffer, command=None, max_length=256):
		length = len(buffer)
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		dprint("Writing 0x{:X} bytes to cartridge RAM in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, num))
		if length > max_length: length = max_length

		self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", 0xA000 + address)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_ACCESS_MODE", 4) # MODE_RAM_WRITE
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 1)
			if command is None: command = self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_CART_WRITE_SRAM"]
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
			if command is None: command = self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_WRITE_SRAM"]

		for i in range(0, num):
			self._write(command)
			self._write(buffer[i*length:i*length+length], wait=True)
			#self._read(1)
			if self.INFO["action"] == self.ACTIONS["SAVE_WRITE"] and not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"WRITE", "bytes_added":length})
		
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", 0)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 0)
		
		return True

	def WriteFlash_MBC6(self, address, buffer, mapper):
		length = len(buffer)
		max_length = 128
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		if length > max_length: length = max_length
		dprint("Write 0x{:X} bytes to cartridge FLASH in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, num))
		
		skip_write = False
		for i in range(0, num):
			self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
			self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
			dprint("Now in iteration {:d}".format(i))

			if buffer[i*length:i*length+length] == bytearray([0xFF] * length):
				skip_write = True
				address += length
				continue

			cmds = [
				[ 0x2000, 0x01 ],
				[ 0x3000, 0x02 ],
				[ 0x7555, 0xAA ],
				[ 0x4AAA, 0x55 ],
				[ 0x7555, 0xA0 ],
			]
			self._cart_write_flash(cmds)
			mapper.SelectBankFlash(mapper.GetROMBank())
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC6_MMSA_WRITE_FLASH"])
			self._write(buffer[i*length:i*length+length])
			ret = self._read(1)
			if ret not in (0x01, 0x03):
				dprint("Flash write error (response = {:s}) in iteration {:d} while trying to write 0x{:X} bytes".format(str(ret), i, length))
				if "from_user" in self.CANCEL_ARGS and self.CANCEL_ARGS["from_user"]: return False
				self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"Flash write error (response = {:s}) in iteration {:d} while trying to write 0x{:X} bytes".format(str(ret), i, length)})
				self.CANCEL = True
				self.ERROR = True
				return False
			self._cart_write(address + length - 1, 0x00)
			hp = 100
			while hp > 0:
				sr = self._cart_read(address + length - 1)
				if sr == 0x80: break
				time.sleep(0.001)
				hp -= 1
			
			if hp == 0:
				dprint("Flash write timeout (response = {:s}) in iteration {:d} while trying to write 0x{:X} bytes".format(str(ret), i, length))
				if "from_user" in self.CANCEL_ARGS and self.CANCEL_ARGS["from_user"]: return False
				self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"Flash write timeout (response = {:s}) in iteration {:d} while trying to write 0x{:X} bytes".format(str(ret), i, length)})
				self.CANCEL = True
				self.ERROR = True
				return False

			address += length
			if self.INFO["action"] == self.ACTIONS["SAVE_WRITE"] and not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"WRITE", "bytes_added":length})
		self._cart_write(address - 1, 0xF0)
		self.SKIPPING = skip_write
	
	def WriteEEPROM_MBC7(self, address, buffer):
		length = len(buffer)
		max_length = 32
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		if length > max_length: length = max_length
		dprint("Write 0x{:X} bytes to cartridge EEPROM in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, num))
		self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
		self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
		for i in range(0, num):
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC7_WRITE_EEPROM"])
			self._write(buffer[i*length:i*length+length])
			response = self._read(1)
			dprint("Response:", response)
			if self.INFO["action"] == self.ACTIONS["SAVE_WRITE"] and not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"WRITE", "bytes_added":length})

	def WriteRAM_TAMA5(self, buffer):
		npu = self.NO_PROG_UPDATE
		self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = True

		for i in range(0, 0x20):
			self._cart_write(0xA001, 0x05, sram=True) # data in (high)
			self._cart_write(0xA000, buffer[i] >> 4, sram=True)
			self._cart_write(0xA001, 0x04, sram=True) # data in (low)
			self._cart_write(0xA000, buffer[i] & 0xF, sram=True)
			self._cart_write(0xA001, 0x06, sram=True) # register select and address (high)
			self._cart_write(0xA000, i >> 4 | 0x00 << 1, sram=True) # bit 0 = higher ram address, rest = command
			self._cart_write(0xA001, 0x07, sram=True) # address (low)
			self._cart_write(0xA000, i & 0x0F, sram=True) # bits 0-3 = lower ram address
			value1, value2 = None, None
			while value1 is None or value1 != value2:
				value2 = value1
				value1 = self._cart_read(0xA000)
			self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "abortable":False, "pos":i+1})
		
		self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = npu

	def WriteROM(self, address, buffer, flash_buffer_size=False, skip_init=False, rumble_stop=False, max_length=MAX_BUFFER_WRITE):
		length = len(buffer)
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		dprint("Writing 0x{:X} bytes to Flash ROM in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, num))
		if length == 0:
			dprint("Length is zero?")
			return False
		elif length > max_length:
			length = max_length

		skip_write = False
		ret = 0
		num_of_chunks = math.ceil(flash_buffer_size / length)
		pos = 0

		if not skip_init:
			self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
			if flash_buffer_size is not False:
				self._set_fw_variable("BUFFER_SIZE", flash_buffer_size)
		
		for i in range(0, num):
			data = bytearray(buffer[i*length:i*length+length])
			if (num_of_chunks == 1 or flash_buffer_size == 0) and (data == bytearray([0xFF] * len(data))):
				skip_init = False
				skip_write = True
			else:
				if skip_write:
					skip_write = False
			
			if not skip_write:
				if not skip_init:
					if self.MODE == "DMG":
						self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
					elif self.MODE == "AGB":
						self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address >> 1)
						
					skip_init = True
				
				if ret != 0x03: self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["FLASH_PROGRAM"])
				ret = self._write(data, wait=True)
				
				if ret not in (0x01, 0x03):
					dprint("Flash error at 0x{:X} in iteration {:d} of {:d} while trying to write a total of 0x{:X} bytes (response = {:s})".format(address, i, num, len(buffer), str(ret)))
					self.ERROR_ARGS = { "iteration":i }
					self.SKIPPING = False
					return False
				pos += len(data)
				
				if rumble_stop and flash_buffer_size > 0 and pos % flash_buffer_size == 0:
					self._cart_write(address=0xC4, value=0x00, flashcart=True)
					self._cart_write(address=0xC6, value=0x00, flashcart=True)
					rumble_stop = False
			
			address += length
			if ((pos % length) * 10 == 0) and (self.INFO["action"] in (self.ACTIONS["ROM_WRITE"], self.ACTIONS["SAVE_WRITE"]) and not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE):
				self.SetProgress({"action":"WRITE", "bytes_added":length, "skipping":skip_write})
		
		self.SKIPPING = skip_write
	
	def WriteROM_GBMEMORY(self, address, buffer, bank):
		length = len(buffer)
		max_length = 128
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		if length > max_length: length = max_length
		dprint("Writing 0x{:X} bytes to GB-Memory Flash ROM in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, num))
		
		skip_write = False
		for i in range(0, num):
			self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
			self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
			dprint("Now in iteration {:d}".format(i))
			
			if buffer[i*length:i*length+length] == bytearray([0xFF] * length):
				skip_write = True
				address += length
				continue
			
			# Enable flash chip access
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ 0x120, 0x09 ],
				[ 0x121, 0xAA ],
				[ 0x122, 0x55 ],
				[ 0x13F, 0xA5 ],
			])
			# Re-Enable writes to MBC registers
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ 0x120, 0x11 ],
				[ 0x13F, 0xA5 ],
			])
			# Bank 1 for commands
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ 0x2100, 0x01 ],
			])
			
			# Write setup
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ 0x120, 0x0F ],
				[ 0x125, 0x55 ],
				[ 0x126, 0x55 ],
				[ 0x127, 0xAA ],
				[ 0x13F, 0xA5 ],
			])
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ 0x120, 0x0F ],
				[ 0x125, 0x2A ],
				[ 0x126, 0xAA ],
				[ 0x127, 0x55 ],
				[ 0x13F, 0xA5 ],
			])
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ 0x120, 0x0F ],
				[ 0x125, 0x55 ],
				[ 0x126, 0x55 ],
				[ 0x127, 0xA0 ],
				[ 0x13F, 0xA5 ],
			])

			# Set bank back
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ 0x2100, bank ],
			])
						
			# Disable writes to MBC registers
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ 0x120, 0x10 ],
				[ 0x13F, 0xA5 ],
			])
						
			# Undo Wakeup
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ 0x120, 0x08 ],
				[ 0x13F, 0xA5 ],
			])

			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC6_MMSA_WRITE_FLASH"])
			self._write(buffer[i*length:i*length+length])
			ret = self._read(1)
			if ret not in (0x01, 0x03):
				return False
			
			self._cart_write(address + length - 1, 0xFF)
			while True:
				sr = self._cart_read(address + length - 1)
				if sr & 0x80 == 0x80: break
				time.sleep(0.001)

			address += length
			if self.INFO["action"] == self.ACTIONS["ROM_WRITE"] and not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"WRITE", "bytes_added":length})
		
		self._cart_write(address - 1, 0xF0)
		self.SKIPPING = skip_write
	
	def WriteROM_DMG_MBC5_32M_FLASH(self, address, buffer, bank):
		length = len(buffer)
		max_length = 128
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		if length > max_length: length = max_length
		dprint("Writing 0x{:X} bytes to Flash ROM in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, num))
		
		skip_write = False
		for i in range(0, num):
			self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
			self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
			dprint("Now in iteration {:d}".format(i))
			
			if buffer[i*length:i*length+length] == bytearray([0xFF] * length):
				skip_write = True
				address += length
				continue
			
			self._cart_write(0x4000, 0xFF)
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ address, 0xE0 ],
				[ address, length - 1 ],
				[ address, 0x00 ],
			])
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC6_MMSA_WRITE_FLASH"])
			self._write(buffer[i*length:i*length+length])
			ret = self._read(1)
			if ret not in (0x01, 0x03):
				self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"Flash write error (response = {:s}) in iteration {:d} while trying to write 0x{:X} bytes".format(str(ret), i, length)})
				self.CANCEL = True
				self.ERROR = True
				return False
			
			self._cart_write_flash([
				[ address, 0x0C ],
				[ address, length - 1 ],
				[ address, 0x00 ],
			])
			lives = 100
			while lives > 0:
				self._cart_write(0x4000, 0x70)
				try:
					sr = self._cart_read(address + length - 1)
					dprint("sr=0x{:X}".format(sr))
				except:
					sr = 0
					dprint("sr=Error")
				if sr & 0x80 == 0x80: break
				lives -= 1
			self._cart_write(0x4000, 0xFF)
			
			if lives == 0:
				self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"Flash write error (response = {:s}) in iteration {:d} while trying to write 0x{:X} bytes".format(str(sr), i, length)})
				self.CANCEL = True
				self.ERROR = True
				return False
			
			address += length
			if self.INFO["action"] == self.ACTIONS["ROM_WRITE"] and not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"WRITE", "bytes_added":length})
		
		self._cart_write(address - 1, 0xFF)
		self.SKIPPING = skip_write
	
	def WriteROM_DMG_DatelOrbitV2(self, address, buffer, bank):
		length = len(buffer)
		dprint("Writing 0x{:X} bytes to Datel Orbit V2 cartridge".format(length))
		for i in range(0, length):
			self._cart_write(0x7FE1, 2)
			self._cart_write(0x5555, 0xAA)
			self._cart_write(0x2AAA, 0x55)
			self._cart_write(0x5555, 0xA0)
			self._cart_write(0x7FE1, bank)
			self._cart_write(address + i, buffer[i])
			if self.INFO["action"] == self.ACTIONS["ROM_WRITE"] and not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"WRITE", "bytes_added":1})
		return True
	
	def WriteROM_DMG_EEPROM(self, address, buffer, bank, eeprom_buffer_size=0x80):
		length = len(buffer)
		if not self.CanPowerCycleCart() or self.BAUDRATE == 1000000:
			max_length = 256
		else:
			max_length = 1024
		num = math.ceil(length / max_length)
		if length > max_length: length = max_length
		dprint("Writing 0x{:X} bytes to EEPROM in {:d} iteration(s)".format(length, num))
		
		for i in range(0, num):
			self._set_fw_variable("BUFFER_SIZE", eeprom_buffer_size)
			self._set_fw_variable("TRANSFER_SIZE", length)
			self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address)
			dprint("Now in iteration {:d}".format(i))
			
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_EEPROM_WRITE"])
			self._write(buffer[i*length:i*length+length])
			ret = self._read(1)
			if ret not in (0x01, 0x03):
				self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"EEPROM write error (response = {:s}) in iteration {:d} while trying to write 0x{:X} bytes".format(str(ret), i, length)})
				self.CANCEL = True
				self.ERROR = True
				return False
			
			address += length
			if self.INFO["action"] == self.ACTIONS["ROM_WRITE"] and not self.NO_PROG_UPDATE:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"WRITE", "bytes_added":length})
		
		commands = [
			[0x0006, 0x01],
			[0x5555, 0xAA],
			[0x2AAA, 0x55],
			[0x5555, 0xF0],
			[0x0006, bank]
		]
		for command in commands:
			self._cart_write(command[0], command[1])
	
	def CheckROMStable(self):
		if not self.IsConnected(): raise ConnectionError("Couldn’t access the the device.")
		if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
			self.CartPowerOn()
		
		buffer1 = self.ReadROM(0x80, 0x40)
		time.sleep(0.1)
		buffer2 = self.ReadROM(0x80, 0x40)
		return buffer1 == buffer2
	
	def CompareCRC32(self, buffer, offset, length, address, flashcart=None, max_length=0x20000, reset=False, mbc=None, bank=0):
		left = length
		chunk_pos = 0
		verified = False
		while left > 0:
			chunk_len = max_length if left > max_length else left
			chunk_from = offset + chunk_pos
			chunk_to = offset + chunk_pos + chunk_len
			dprint(f"Running CRC32 verification, comparing between source 0x{chunk_from:X}~0x{chunk_to:X} and target 0x{address+chunk_pos:X}~0x{address+chunk_pos+chunk_len:X}")
			crc32_expected = zlib.crc32(buffer[chunk_from:chunk_to])
			
			for i in range(0, 2 if (reset is True and flashcart is not None) else 1): # for retrying with reset
				if self.MODE == "DMG":
					self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", address + chunk_pos)
				elif self.MODE == "AGB":
					self._set_fw_variable("ADDRESS", (address + chunk_pos) >> 1)
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["CALC_CRC32"])
				self._write(bytearray(struct.pack(">I", chunk_len)))
				temp = self._read(4)
				if temp is False:
					crc32_calculated = False
				else:
					crc32_calculated = struct.unpack(">I", temp)[0]
				if crc32_expected != crc32_calculated:
					if i == 0 and flashcart is not None:
						flashcart.Reset(full_reset=True)
						if mbc is not None:
							mbc.SelectBankROM(bank)
						verified = (crc32_expected, crc32_calculated)
						continue
					else:
						return (crc32_expected, crc32_calculated)
				else:
					verified = True
					break
			
			left -= chunk_len
			chunk_pos += chunk_len

		return verified

	def DetectFlash(self, limitVoltage=False):
		supported_carts = list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS[self.MODE].values())
		fc_fncptr = {
			"cart_write_fncptr":self._cart_write,
			"cart_write_fast_fncptr":self._cart_write_flash,
			"cart_read_fncptr":self.ReadROM,
			"cart_powercycle_fncptr":self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect,
			"progress_fncptr":self.SetProgress,
			"set_we_pin_wr":self._set_we_pin_wr,
			"set_we_pin_audio":self._set_we_pin_audio,
		}

		detected_size = 0
		cfi = False
		cfi_buffer = bytearray()
		cfi_s = ""
		flash_type_id = 0
		flash_id_s = ""
		flash_types = []
		flash_id_methods = []

		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			if limitVoltage:
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_3_3V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			else:
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_5V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_DMG"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
		
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			read_method = self.AGB_READ_METHOD
			self.SetAGBReadMethod(0)
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_AGB"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
		
		else:
			raise NotImplementedError

		rom = self._cart_read(0, 8)

		dprint("Resetting and unlocking all cart types")
		cmds = []
		cmds_reset = []
		cmds_unlock_read = []

		for cart_type in sorted(supported_carts, key=lambda c: 'm29w640' not in c): # m29w640 first because of corruption risk
			f = supported_carts.index(cart_type)
			if "command_set" not in cart_type: continue
			if "manual_select" in cart_type and cart_type["manual_select"] is True: continue
			if self.MODE == "DMG" and "m29w640" in cart_type:
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["reset"])
				rom1 = self._cart_read(0, 8)
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["read_identifier"])
				rom2 = self._cart_read(0, 8)
				if rom1 != rom2 and list(rom2[:len(cart_type["flash_ids"][0])]) == cart_type["flash_ids"][0]:
					found = True
					flash_types.append(f)
					dprint("Found a M29W640 cartridge")
					self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["reset"])
					break
				continue
			elif self.MODE == "DMG" and cart_type["command_set"] == "BLAZE_XPLODER":
				self._cart_read(0x102, 1)
				self._cart_write(6, 1)
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["reset"])
				self._cart_write(6, 0)
				rom1 = self._cart_read(0x4000, 8)
				self._cart_write(6, 1)
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["read_identifier"])
				rom2 = self._cart_read(0x4000, 8)
				if rom1 != rom2 and list(rom2[:len(cart_type["flash_ids"][0])]) == cart_type["flash_ids"][0]:
					found = True
					flash_types.append(f)
					dprint("Found a BLAZE Xploder GB")
					self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["reset"])
					break
				continue
			elif self.MODE == "DMG" and cart_type["command_set"] == "DATEL_ORBITV2":
				rom1 = self._cart_read(cart_type["read_identifier_at"], 10)
				for cmd in cart_type["commands"]["unlock_read"]: self._cart_read(cmd[0], 1)
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["unlock"])
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["read_identifier"])
				rom2 = self._cart_read(cart_type["read_identifier_at"], 10)
				if rom1 != rom2 and list(rom2[:len(cart_type["flash_ids"][0])]) == cart_type["flash_ids"][0]:
					found = True
					flash_types.append(f)
					dprint("Found a GameShark or Action Replay")
					self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["reset"])
					break
				continue
			elif self.MODE == "DMG" and cart_type["command_set"] == "GBMEMORY":
				rom1 = self._cart_read(0, 8)
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["unlock"])
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["read_identifier"])
				rom2 = self._cart_read(0, 8)
				if rom1 != rom2 and list(rom2[:len(cart_type["flash_ids"][0])]) == cart_type["flash_ids"][0]:
					found = True
					flash_types.append(f)
					dprint("Found a GB-Memory Cartridge")
					self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["reset"])
					break
				continue
			elif self.MODE == "DMG" and "dmg-mbc5-32m-flash" in cart_type:
				self._set_we_pin_audio()
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["unlock"], flashcart=False)
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["reset"])
				rom1 = self._cart_read(0, 8)
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["read_identifier"])
				rom2 = self._cart_read(0, 8)
				if rom1 != rom2 and list(rom2[:len(cart_type["flash_ids"][0])]) == cart_type["flash_ids"][0]:
					found = True
					flash_types.append(f)
					dprint("Found a DMG-MBC5-32M-FLASH Development Cartridge")
					self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["reset"])
					break
				self._set_we_pin_wr()
				continue
			elif self.MODE == "AGB" and cart_type["command_set"] == "GBAMP":
				rom1 = self._cart_read(0x1E8F << 1, 2) + self._cart_read(0x168F << 1, 2)
				for cmd in cart_type["commands"]["unlock_read"]: self._cart_read(cmd[0] << 1)
				self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["read_identifier"], flashcart=True)
				rom2 = self._cart_read(0x1E8F << 1, 2) + self._cart_read(0x168F << 1, 2)
				if rom1 != rom2 and list(rom2[:len(cart_type["flash_ids"][0])]) == cart_type["flash_ids"][0]:
					found = True
					flash_types.append(f)
					dprint("Found a GBA Movie Player v2")
					self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["reset"], flashcart=True)
					break
				continue
			elif self.MODE == "DMG" and cart_type["command_set"] == "BUNG_16M":
				self._set_we_pin_audio()
				rom1 = self._cart_read(0, 4)
				self._cart_write(0x2000, 0x02, flashcart=False)
				self._cart_write(0x6AAA, 0xAA, flashcart=True)
				self._cart_write(0x2000, 0x01, flashcart=False)
				self._cart_write(0x5554, 0x55, flashcart=True)
				self._cart_write(0x2000, 0x02, flashcart=False)
				self._cart_write(0x6AAA, 0x90, flashcart=True)
				rom2 = self._cart_read(0, 4)
				if rom1 != rom2 and list(rom2[:len(cart_type["flash_ids"][0])]) == cart_type["flash_ids"][0]:
					found = True
					flash_types.append(f)
					dprint("Found a BUNG Doctor GB Card 16M")
					self._cart_write(0x2000, 0x02, flashcart=False)
					self._cart_write(0x6AAA, 0xAA, flashcart=True)
					self._cart_write(0x2000, 0x01, flashcart=False)
					self._cart_write(0x5554, 0x55, flashcart=True)
					self._cart_write(0x2000, 0x02, flashcart=False)
					self._cart_write(0x6AAA, 0xF0, flashcart=True)
					self._cart_write(0x2000, 0x00, flashcart=False)
					break
				self._set_we_pin_wr()
				continue

			if "commands" in cart_type:
				c = {
					"reset":[],
					"read_identifier":[],
					"read_cfi":[],
				}
				if "reset" in cart_type["commands"]:
					c["reset"] = cart_type["commands"]["reset"]
					if cart_type["commands"]["reset"] not in cmds_reset:
						cmds_reset.append(cart_type["commands"]["reset"])
				if "unlock_read" in cart_type["commands"]:
					if cart_type["commands"]["unlock_read"] not in cmds_unlock_read:
						cmds_unlock_read.append(cart_type["commands"]["unlock_read"])
				if "unlock" in cart_type["commands"]:
					if cart_type["commands"]["unlock"] not in cmds_reset:
						cmds_reset.append(cart_type["commands"]["unlock"])
					if cart_type["commands"]["reset"] not in cmds_reset:
						cmds_reset.append(cart_type["commands"]["reset"])
				if "read_identifier" in cart_type["commands"]:
					c["read_identifier"] = cart_type["commands"]["read_identifier"]
				if "read_cfi" in cart_type["commands"]:
					c["read_cfi"] = cart_type["commands"]["read_cfi"]
				if len(c["read_identifier"]) > 0:
					if self.MODE == "DMG" and cart_type["commands"]["read_identifier"][0][0] > 0x7000: continue
					if c not in cmds:
						found = False
						for t in cmds:
							if c["read_identifier"] == t["read_identifier"]:
								found = True
						if not found:
							cmds.append(c)
		
		for c in cmds_reset:
			for cmd in c:
				dprint(f"Resetting by writing to 0x{cmd[0]:X}=0x{cmd[1]:X}")
				self._cart_write(cmd[0], cmd[1], flashcart=True)
		
		flash_id_cmds = sorted(cmds, key=lambda x: x['read_identifier'][0][0])
		read_cfi_cmds = []
		
		rom_s = " ".join(format(x, '02X') for x in rom)
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			flash_id_s = "[     ROM     ] " + rom_s + "\n"
			we_pins = [ "WR", "AUDIO" ]
		else:
			flash_id_s = "[    ROM    ] " + rom_s + "\n"
			we_pins = [ None ]

		if len(flash_types) == 0:
			dprint("Trying to find the Flash ID")
			if self.SupportsAudioAsWe():
				wes = {"DMG":[1, 2], "AGB":[0]}
			else:
				wes = {"DMG":[1], "AGB":[0]}
			#rom = self._cart_read(0, 8)
			for we in wes[self.MODE]:
				if self.MODE == "DMG": self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_WE_PIN", we)
				for i in range(0, len(flash_id_cmds)):
					self._cart_write_flash(flash_id_cmds[i]["reset"], flashcart=True)
					self._cart_write_flash(flash_id_cmds[i]["read_identifier"], flashcart=True)
					
					cmp = self._cart_read(0, 8)
					self._cart_write_flash(flash_id_cmds[i]["reset"], flashcart=True)
					if rom != cmp:  # ROM data changed
						flash_id_methods.append([we - 1, i, list(cmp), cfi_buffer, flash_id_cmds[i]["read_identifier"]])
						if self.MODE == "DMG":
							flash_id_s += "[{:s}/{:4X}/{:2X}] {:s}\n".format(we_pins[we-1].ljust(5), flash_id_cmds[i]["read_identifier"][0][0], flash_id_cmds[i]["read_identifier"][0][1], ' '.join(format(x, '02X') for x in cmp))
						else:
							flash_id_s += "[{:6X}/{:4X}] {:s}\n".format(flash_id_cmds[i]["read_identifier"][0][0], flash_id_cmds[i]["read_identifier"][0][1], ' '.join(format(x, '02X') for x in cmp))
						flash_id_cmds[i]["read_cfi"] = [ flash_id_cmds[i]["read_identifier"][0][0], 0x98 ]
						read_cfi_cmds.append(flash_id_cmds[i]["read_cfi"])

			dprint(f"Found {len(flash_id_methods):d} result(s)")
			self._cart_write_flash([[0, 0xFF]], True)
			self._cart_write_flash([[0, 0xF0]], True)

		for f in range(1, len(supported_carts)):
			cart_type = supported_carts[f]
			flashcart = Flashcart(config=cart_type, fncptr=fc_fncptr)
			if "flash_ids" not in cart_type or len(cart_type["flash_ids"]) == 0: continue
			if "commands" not in cart_type or len(cart_type["commands"]) == 0: continue
			found = False
			if flash_id_methods not in (None, []) and len(flash_id_methods) > 0:
				for we, type, flash_id, _, cmd_rfi in flash_id_methods:
					if (cmd_rfi != cart_type["commands"]["read_identifier"]): continue
					if self.MODE == "DMG" and "write_pin" in cart_type and cart_type["write_pin"] != we_pins[we]: continue
					fcm_flash_ids = list(map(list, {tuple(sublist) for sublist in cart_type["flash_ids"]}))
					for fcm_flash_id in fcm_flash_ids:
						if fcm_flash_id == flash_id[:len(fcm_flash_id)]:
							if self.MODE == "DMG":
								dprint("“{:s}” matches with Flash ID “{:s}” ({:s}/{:X}/{:X})".format(cart_type["names"][0], " ".join(format(x, '02X') for x in fcm_flash_id), we_pins[we], flash_id_cmds[type]["read_identifier"][0][0], flash_id_cmds[type]["read_identifier"][0][1]))
							elif self.MODE == "AGB":
								dprint("“{:s}” matches with Flash ID “{:s}” ({:X})/{:X}".format(cart_type["names"][0], " ".join(format(x, '02X') for x in fcm_flash_id), flash_id_cmds[type]["read_identifier"][0][0], flash_id_cmds[type]["read_identifier"][0][1]))
							found = True
							flash_type = f
							flash_types.append(flash_type)
							if "commands" in cart_type and "reset" in cart_type["commands"]:
								self._cart_write_flash(cart_type["commands"]["reset"], flashcart=True)
							break
					if found is True: break
			if found is False: continue

		dprint("Compatible flash types:", [(index, supported_carts[index]["names"][0]) for index in flash_types])

		try:
			if len(flash_types) > 0 and "read_cfi" in supported_carts[flash_types[0]]["commands"]:
				read_cfi_cmd = supported_carts[flash_types[0]]["commands"]["read_cfi"]
				reset_cmd = supported_carts[flash_types[0]]["commands"]["reset"]
			else:
				if len(read_cfi_cmds) == 0:
					read_cfi_cmd = [ [0, 0x98] ]
				else:
					read_cfi_cmd = [ read_cfi_cmds[0] ]
				reset_cmd = flash_id_cmds[0]["reset"]
			self._cart_write_flash(read_cfi_cmd, flashcart=(self.MODE == "AGB"))
			cfi_buffer = self._cart_read(0, 0x400)
			self._cart_write_flash(reset_cmd, flashcart=(self.MODE == "AGB"))

			if ".dev" in Util.VERSION_PEP440 or Util.DEBUG:
				with open(Util.CONFIG_PATH + "/debug_cfi.bin", "wb") as f: f.write(cfi_buffer)

			found = False
			for o in ((0x20, 2), (0x10, 1)):
				magic = "{:s}{:s}{:s}".format(chr(cfi_buffer[o[0]]), chr(cfi_buffer[o[0] + (1 * o[1])]), chr(cfi_buffer[o[0] + (2 * o[1])]))
				dprint("CFI magic:", hex(o[0]), hex(o[0] + (1 * o[1])), hex(o[0] + (2 * o[1])), "=", str(magic))
				d_swap = (0, 0)
				if magic == "QRY": # D0D1 not swapped
					found = True
				elif magic == "RQZ": # D0D1 swapped
					d_swap = [(0, 1)]
					for j2 in range(0, len(d_swap)):
						for j in range(0, len(cfi_buffer)):
							cfi_buffer[j] = bitswap(cfi_buffer[j], d_swap[j2])
					found = True
				elif magic == "\x92\x91\x9A": # D0D1+D6D7 swapped
					d_swap = [( 0, 1 ), ( 6, 7 )]
					for j2 in range(0, len(d_swap)):
						for j in range(0, len(cfi_buffer)):
							cfi_buffer[j] = bitswap(cfi_buffer[j], d_swap[j2])
					if ".dev" in Util.VERSION_PEP440 or Util.DEBUG:
						with open(Util.CONFIG_PATH + "/debug_cfi_d0d1+d6d7.bin", "wb") as f: f.write(cfi_buffer)
					found = True
				if found: break
			if found is False:
				cfi_buffer = None
		except:
			cfi_buffer = None

		if cfi_buffer is None or len(cfi_buffer) < 0x400:
			cfi = False
		else:
			cfi = ParseCFI(cfi_buffer)
		
		if cfi is not False:
			cfi["raw"] = cfi_buffer
			s = ""
			if d_swap is not None and d_swap != ( 0, 0 ): s += "Swapped pins: {:s}\n".format(str(d_swap).replace("[", "").replace("]", ""))
			s += "Device size: 0x{:07X} ({:.2f} MiB)\n".format(cfi["device_size"], cfi["device_size"] / 1024 / 1024)
			s += "Voltage: {:.1f}–{:.1f} V\n".format(cfi["vdd_min"], cfi["vdd_max"])
			s += "Single write: {:s}\n".format(str(cfi["single_write"]))
			if "buffer_size" in cfi:
				s += "Buffered write: {:s} ({:d} Bytes)\n".format(str(cfi["buffer_write"]), cfi["buffer_size"])
			else:
				s += "Buffered write: {:s}\n".format(str(cfi["buffer_write"]))
			if cfi["chip_erase"]: s += "Chip erase: {:d}–{:d} ms\n".format(cfi["chip_erase_time_avg"], cfi["chip_erase_time_max"])
			if cfi["sector_erase"]: s += "Sector erase: {:d}–{:d} ms\n".format(cfi["sector_erase_time_avg"], cfi["sector_erase_time_max"])
			if cfi["tb_boot_sector"] is not False: s += "Sector flags: {:s}\n".format(str(cfi["tb_boot_sector"]))
			pos = 0
			oversize = False
			s = s[:-1]
			for i in range(0, cfi['erase_sector_regions']):
				esb = cfi['erase_sector_blocks'][i]
				s += "\nRegion {:d}: 0x{:07X}–0x{:07X} @ 0x{:X} Bytes × {:d}".format(i+1, pos, pos+esb[2]-1, esb[0], esb[1])
				if oversize: s += " (alt)"
				pos += esb[2]
				if pos >= cfi['device_size']:
					pos = 0
					oversize = True
			cfi_s = s

		# Check flash size
		if len(flash_types) > 0:
			flash_type_id = flash_types[0]
			flashcart = Flashcart(config=supported_carts[flash_type_id], fncptr=fc_fncptr)
			if self.MODE == "DMG":
				supp_flash_types = self.GetSupportedCartridgesDMG()
			elif self.MODE == "AGB":
				supp_flash_types = self.GetSupportedCartridgesAGB()
			else:
				raise NotImplementedError
			
			if "flash_size" in supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[0]]:
				size = supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[0]]["flash_size"]
				size_undetected = False
				for i in range(0, len(flash_types)):
					if "flash_size" in supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[i]]:
						if size != supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[i]]["flash_size"]:
							size_undetected = True
				
				if size_undetected:
					if "flash_bank_select_type" in supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[0]] and supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[0]]["flash_bank_select_type"] == 1:
						# Check where the ROM data repeats (by bank switching)
						flashcart.SelectBankROM(0)
						size_check = self.ReadROM(0, 0x1000) + self.ReadROM(0x1FFF000, 0x1000)
						num_banks = 1
						while num_banks < (flashcart.GetFlashSize() // 0x2000000) + 1:
							dprint("Checking bank {:d}".format(num_banks))
							flashcart.SelectBankROM(num_banks)
							buffer = self.ReadROM(0, 0x1000) + self.ReadROM(0x1FFF000, 0x1000)
							if buffer == size_check: break
							num_banks <<= 1
						detected_size = 0x2000000 * num_banks
						for i in range(0, len(flash_types)):
							if detected_size == supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[i]]["flash_size"]:
								dprint("Detected {:d} flash banks".format(num_banks))
								flash_type_id = flash_types[i]
								size_undetected = False
								break
						flashcart.SelectBankROM(0)

					elif isinstance(cfi, dict) and "device_size" in cfi:
						for i in range(0, len(flash_types)):
							if "flash_size" in supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[i]] and cfi['device_size'] == supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[i]]["flash_size"]:
								flash_type_id = flash_types[i]
								size_undetected = False
								break
					else:
						if self.MODE == "AGB":
							# Check where the ROM data repeats (for unlicensed carts)
							header = self.ReadROM(0, 0x180)
							size_check = header[0xA0:0xA0+16]
							currAddr = 0x10000
							while currAddr < 0x2000000:
								buffer = self.ReadROM(currAddr + 0xA0, 64)[:16]
								if buffer == size_check: break
								currAddr *= 2
							rom_size = currAddr

							for i in range(0, len(flash_types)):
								if "flash_size" in supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[i]] and rom_size == supp_flash_types[1][flash_types[i]]["flash_size"]:
									flash_type_id = flash_types[i]
									size_undetected = False
									break
	
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_5V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_WE_PIN", 1) # back to WE=WR
			time.sleep(0.1)
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			self.SetAGBReadMethod(read_method)
		
		return (flash_types, flash_type_id, flash_id_s, cfi_s, cfi, detected_size)

	def GetDumpReport(self):
		return Util.GetDumpReport(self.INFO["dump_info"], self)

	def GetReadErrors(self):
		return self.READ_ERRORS
	
	#################################################################
	
	def DoTransfer(self, mode, fncSetProgress, args):
		from . import DataTransfer
		args['mode'] = mode
		args['port'] = self
		if self.WORKER is None:
			self.WORKER = DataTransfer.DataTransfer(args)
			if fncSetProgress not in (False, None):
				self.WORKER.updateProgress.connect(fncSetProgress)
		else:
			self.WORKER.setConfig(args)
		self.WORKER.start()

	def BackupROM(self, fncSetProgress=None, args=None):
		self.DoTransfer(1, fncSetProgress, args)
	
	def BackupRAM(self, fncSetProgress=None, args=None):
		if fncSetProgress is False:
			args['mode'] = 2
			args['port'] = self
			self._BackupRestoreRAM(args=args)
		else:
			self.DoTransfer(2, fncSetProgress, args)
	
	def RestoreRAM(self, fncSetProgress=None, args=None):
		self.DoTransfer(3, fncSetProgress, args)
	
	def FlashROM(self, fncSetProgress=None, args=None):
		self.DoTransfer(4, fncSetProgress, args)
	
	def DetectCartridge(self, fncSetProgress=None, args=None):
		self.DoTransfer(5, fncSetProgress, args)
	
	#################################################################

	def _BackupROM(self, args):
		file = None
		if len(args["path"]) > 0:
			file = open(args["path"], "wb")
		
		self.FAST_READ = True
		agb_read_method = self.AGB_READ_METHOD
		dmg_read_method = self.DMG_READ_METHOD
		flashcart = False
		supported_carts = list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS[self.MODE].values())
		cart_type = copy.deepcopy(supported_carts[args["cart_type"]])
		if not isinstance(cart_type, str):
			cart_type["_index"] = 0
			for i in range(0, len(list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS[self.MODE].keys()))):
				if i == args["cart_type"]:
					try:
						cart_type["_index"] = cart_type["names"].index(list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS[self.MODE].keys())[i])

						fc_fncptr = {
							"cart_write_fncptr":self._cart_write,
							"cart_write_fast_fncptr":self._cart_write_flash,
							"cart_read_fncptr":self.ReadROM,
							"cart_powercycle_fncptr":self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect,
							"progress_fncptr":self.SetProgress,
							"set_we_pin_wr":self._set_we_pin_wr,
							"set_we_pin_audio":self._set_we_pin_audio,
						}
						flashcart = Flashcart(config=cart_type, fncptr=fc_fncptr)
					except:
						pass

		# Firmware check L8
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 8 and flashcart and "enable_pullups" in cart_type:
			print("{:s}Note: This cartridge may not be fully compatible with your {:s} device running an old or legacy firmware version.{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, self.GetName(), ANSI.RESET))
			del(cart_type["enable_pullups"])
		# Firmware check L8

		buffer_len = 0x4000
		
		self.INFO["dump_info"]["timestamp"] = datetime.datetime.now().astimezone().replace(microsecond=0).isoformat()
		self.INFO["dump_info"]["file_name"] = args["path"]
		self.INFO["dump_info"]["file_size"] = args["rom_size"]
		self.INFO["dump_info"]["cart_type"] = args["cart_type"]
		self.INFO["dump_info"]["system"] = self.MODE

		is_3dmemory = (self.MODE == "AGB" and "command_set" in cart_type and cart_type["command_set"] == "3DMEMORY")

		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self.INFO["dump_info"]["rom_size"] = args["rom_size"]
			self.INFO["dump_info"]["mapper_type"] = args["mbc"]
			self.INFO["dump_info"]["dmg_read_method"] = self.DMG_READ_METHODS[self.DMG_READ_METHOD]
			
			self.INFO["mapper_raw"] = args["mbc"]
			if not self.IsSupportedMbc(args["mbc"]):
				msg = "This cartridge uses a mapper that is not supported by {:s} using your {:s} device.".format(Util.APPNAME, self.GetFullName())
				self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":msg, "abortable":False})
				return False
			
			if "verify_mbc" in args and args["verify_mbc"] is not None:
				_mbc = args["verify_mbc"]
			else:
				_mbc = DMG_MBC().GetInstance(args=args, cart_write_fncptr=self._cart_write, cart_read_fncptr=self._cart_read, cart_powercycle_fncptr=self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect, clk_toggle_fncptr=self._clk_toggle)
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_DMG"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 0)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 0)
			if _mbc.GetName() == "TAMA5":
				self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 1)
				self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 1)
				_mbc.EnableMapper()
				self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 0)
			elif _mbc.GetName() == "Sachen":
				start_bank = int(args["rom_size"] / 0x4000)
				_mbc.SetStartBank(start_bank)
			else:
				_mbc.EnableMapper()
			
			rom_size = args["rom_size"]
			rom_banks = _mbc.GetROMBanks(rom_size)
			rom_bank_size = _mbc.GetROMBankSize()
			size = _mbc.GetROMSize()
		
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			self.INFO["dump_info"]["mapper_type"] = None
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_AGB"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)

			buffer_len = 0x10000
			size = 32 * 1024 * 1024
			if "agb_rom_size" in args: size = args["agb_rom_size"]
			self.INFO["dump_info"]["rom_size"] = size
			if is_3dmemory:
				self.INFO["dump_info"]["agb_read_method"] = "3D Memory"

			elif flashcart and "command_set" in cart_type and cart_type["command_set"] == "GBAMP":
				self.INFO["dump_info"]["agb_read_method"] = "GBA Movie Player"
				if not "verify_write" in args: self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect()
				flashcart.Unlock()
				buffer_len = 0x4000

			# Initialize Vast Fame ROM (if it was not autodetected) and determine SRAM address/value bit reordering (necessary for emulation)
			elif flashcart and "command_set" in cart_type and cart_type["command_set"] == "VASTFAME":
				addr_reorder = [[-1 for i in range(16)] for j in range(4)]
				value_reorder = [[-1 for i in range(8)] for j in range(4)]
				for mode in range(0, 16):
					# Set SRAM mode
					self._cart_write(0xFFF8, 0x99, sram=True)
					self._cart_write(0xFFF9, 0x02, sram=True)
					self._cart_write(0xFFFA, 0x05, sram=True)
					self._cart_write(0xFFFB, 0x02, sram=True)
					self._cart_write(0xFFFC, 0x03, sram=True)

					self._cart_write(0xFFFD, 0x00, sram=True)
					self._cart_write(0xFFFE, mode, sram=True)

					self._cart_write(0xFFF8, 0x99, sram=True)
					self._cart_write(0xFFF9, 0x03, sram=True)
					self._cart_write(0xFFFA, 0x62, sram=True)
					self._cart_write(0xFFFB, 0x02, sram=True)
					self._cart_write(0xFFFC, 0x56, sram=True)

					# Blank SRAM
					for i in range(0, 16):
						self._cart_write(1 << i, 0, sram=True)
					self._cart_write(0x8000, 0, sram=True)

					# Get address reordering for SRAM writes (repeats every 4 modes so only check first 4)
					if mode < 4:
						for i in range(0, 16):
							self._cart_write(1 << i, 0xAA, sram=True)
							for j in range(0, 16):
								value = self._cart_read(1 << j, 1, True)[0]
								if value != 0:
									addr_reorder[mode][j] = i
									break
							self._cart_write(1 << i, 0, sram=True) # reblank SRAM
						addr_reorder[mode].reverse()

					# Get value reordering for SRAM writes/reads (assumes upper bit of address is never reordered)
					if mode % 4 == 0:
						for i in range(0, 8):
							self._cart_write(0x8000, 1 << i, sram=True)
							value = self._cart_read(0x8000, 1, True)[0]
							for j in range(0, 8):
								if (1 << j) == value:
									value_reorder[mode // 4][j] = i
									break
						value_reorder[mode // 4].reverse()

				self.INFO["dump_info"]["vf_addr_reorder"] = addr_reorder
				self.INFO["dump_info"]["vf_value_reorder"] = value_reorder
				self.INFO["dump_info"]["agb_read_method"] = self.AGB_READ_METHODS[self.AGB_READ_METHOD]

			else:
				self.INFO["dump_info"]["agb_read_method"] = self.AGB_READ_METHODS[self.AGB_READ_METHOD]
			
			if flashcart and "flash_bank_size" in cart_type:
				if "verify_write" in args:
					rom_banks = math.ceil(len(args["verify_write"]) / cart_type["flash_bank_size"])
				else:
					rom_banks = math.ceil(size / cart_type["flash_bank_size"])
				rom_bank_size = cart_type["flash_bank_size"]
			else:
				rom_banks = 1
				rom_bank_size = 0x2000000

		if self.ERROR: return

		if "verify_write" in args:
			size = len(args["verify_write"])
			buffer_len = min(buffer_len, size)
		else:
			if "bl_offset" in args:
				method = "SAVE_READ"
			else:
				method = "ROM_READ"
			pos = 0
			self.SetProgress({"action":"INITIALIZE", "method":method, "size":size})
			self.INFO["action"] = self.ACTIONS[method]
			if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 8:
				if flashcart and "enable_pullups" in cart_type:
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["ENABLE_PULLUPS"], wait=True)
					self.SetAGBReadMethod(0)
					dprint("Pullups enabled")
					if (self.FW["pcb_name"] == "GBFlash" and self.FW["pcb_ver"] < 13) or (self.FW["pcb_name"] == "Joey Jr"):
						print("{:s}Note: This cartridge may not be fully compatible with your {:s} device.{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, self.FW["pcb_name"], ANSI.RESET))
				else:
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DISABLE_PULLUPS"], wait=True)
					dprint("Pullups disabled")

			if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
				if self.MODE == "DMG":
					# Joey Jr bug workaround
					enable_pullup_wr = 2 if (("enable_pullup_wr" in cart_type and cart_type["enable_pullup_wr"] is True) or ("force_wr_pullup" in args and args["force_wr_pullup"] is True)) else 0
					self._set_fw_variable("PULLUPS_ENABLED", enable_pullup_wr)

		buffer = bytearray(size)
		max_length = self.MAX_BUFFER_READ
		dprint("Max buffer size: 0x{:X}".format(max_length))
		if is_3dmemory:
			max_length = min(max_length, 0x1000)
		else:
			max_length = min(max_length, 0x2000)
		self.INFO["dump_info"]["transfer_size"] = max_length
		pos_total = 0
		start_address = 0
		end_address = size
		# dprint("ROM banks:", rom_banks)
		
		start_bank = 0
		if "verify_write" in args:
			buffer_pos = args["verify_from"]
			start_address = buffer_pos
			end_address = args["verify_from"] + args["verify_len"]
			start_bank = math.floor(buffer_pos / rom_bank_size)
			end_bank = math.ceil((buffer_pos + args["verify_len"]) / rom_bank_size)
			rom_banks = end_bank
		elif "bl_offset" in args:
			if "bl_layout" in args and args["bl_layout"] in (1, 2):
				args["bl_size"] <<= 1
			buffer_pos = args["bl_offset"]
			start_address = buffer_pos
			end_address = args["bl_offset"] + args["bl_size"]
			start_bank = math.floor(buffer_pos / rom_bank_size)
			end_bank = math.ceil((buffer_pos + args["bl_size"]) / rom_bank_size)
			rom_banks = end_bank

		dprint("start_address=0x{:X}, end_address=0x{:X}, start_bank=0x{:X}, rom_banks=0x{:X}, buffer_len=0x{:X}, max_length=0x{:X}".format(start_address, end_address, start_bank, rom_banks, buffer_len, max_length))
		bank = start_bank
		while bank < rom_banks:
			# ↓↓↓ Switch ROM bank
			if self.MODE == "DMG":
				if _mbc.ResetBeforeBankChange(bank) is True:
					dprint("Resetting the MBC")
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
				(start_address, bank_size) = _mbc.SelectBankROM(bank)
				end_address = start_address + bank_size
				buffer_len = min(buffer_len, _mbc.GetROMBankSize())
				if "verify_write" in args:
					buffer_len = min(buffer_len, bank_size, len(args["verify_write"]))
					end_address = start_address + bank_size
					start_address += (buffer_pos % rom_bank_size)
					if end_address > start_address + args["verify_len"]:
						end_address = start_address + args["verify_len"]
			elif self.MODE == "AGB":
				if "verify_write" in args:
					buffer_len = min(buffer_len, len(args["verify_write"]))
				if "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] > 0:
					flashcart.SelectBankROM(bank)
					temp = end_address - start_address
					start_address %= cart_type["flash_bank_size"]
					end_address = min(cart_type["flash_bank_size"], start_address + temp)
			# ↑↑↑ Switch ROM bank

			skip_init = False
			pos = start_address
			lives = 20

			while pos < end_address:
				temp = bytearray()
				if self.CANCEL:
					cancel_args = {"action":"ABORT", "abortable":False}
					cancel_args.update(self.CANCEL_ARGS)
					self.CANCEL_ARGS = {}
					self.ERROR_ARGS = {}
					self.SetProgress(cancel_args)
					try:
						if file is not None: file.close()
					except:
						pass
					if self.CanPowerCycleCart(): self.CartPowerCycle()
					return
				
				if is_3dmemory:
					temp = self.ReadROM_3DMemory(address=pos, length=buffer_len, max_length=max_length)
				elif flashcart and cart_type["command_set"] == "GBAMP":
					temp = self.ReadROM_GBAMP(address=pos, length=buffer_len, max_length=max_length)
				else:
					if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 10 and "verify_write" in args:
						if self.MODE == "AGB": self.SetAGBReadMethod(0)
						if self.MODE == "DMG": self.SetDMGReadMethod(2)
						temp = self.ReadROM(address=pos, length=buffer_len, skip_init=skip_init, max_length=max_length)
						if self.MODE == "AGB": self.SetAGBReadMethod(agb_read_method)
						if self.MODE == "DMG": self.SetDMGReadMethod(dmg_read_method)
					else:
						# Normal read
						temp = self.ReadROM(address=pos, length=buffer_len, skip_init=skip_init, max_length=max_length)
					skip_init = True
				
				if len(temp) != buffer_len:
					pos_temp = pos_total
					if "verify_write" in args:
						pos_temp += args["verify_base_pos"]
						self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":args["verify_from"]+pos_total})
					else:
						self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":pos_total})
					
					err_text = "{:s}Note: Incomplete transfer detected. Resuming from 0x{:X}...{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, pos_temp, ANSI.RESET)
					if (max_length >> 1) < 64:
						dprint("Failed to receive 0x{:X} bytes from the device at position 0x{:X}.".format(buffer_len, pos_temp))
						max_length = 64
					elif lives >= 20 and pos_temp != 0:
						dprint("Failed to receive 0x{:X} bytes from the device at position 0x{:X}.".format(buffer_len, pos_temp))
					else:
						dprint("Failed to receive 0x{:X} bytes from the device at position 0x{:X}. Decreasing maximum transfer buffer size to 0x{:X}.".format(buffer_len, pos_temp, max_length >> 1))
						max_length >>= 1
						self.MAX_BUFFER_READ = max_length
						err_text += "\nBuffer size adjusted to {:d} bytes.".format(max_length)
					if ".dev" in Util.VERSION_PEP440 and not Util.DEBUG: print(err_text)
					
					self.INFO["dump_info"]["transfer_size"] = max_length
					skip_init = False
					self.DEVICE.reset_input_buffer()
					self.DEVICE.reset_output_buffer()
					lives -= 1
					if lives == 0:
						self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"An error occured while reading from the cartridge. When connecting the device, avoid passive USB hubs and try different USB ports/cables."})
						self.CANCEL = True
						self.ERROR = True
						if "verify_write" in args: return False
					continue
				elif lives < 20:
					lives = 20
				
				if file is not None:
					if "bl_layout" in args and args["bl_layout"] == 1:
						file.write(temp[0x0000:0x2000])
					elif "bl_layout" in args and args["bl_layout"] == 2:
						file.write(temp[0x2000:0x4000])
					else:
						file.write(temp)
				buffer[pos_total:pos_total+len(temp)] = temp
				pos_total += len(temp)
				
				if "verify_write" in args:
					check = args["verify_write"][pos_total-len(temp):pos_total]
					if temp[:len(check)] != check:
						if ".dev" in Util.VERSION_PEP440 or Util.DEBUG:
							dprint("Writing 0x{:X} bytes to debug_verify_0x{:X}.bin".format(len(temp), pos_total-len(temp)))
							with open(Util.CONFIG_PATH + "/debug_verify_0x{:X}.bin".format(pos_total-len(temp)), "ab") as f: f.write(temp)

						for i in range(0, pos_total):
							if (i < len(args["verify_write"]) - 1) and (i < pos_total - 1) and args["verify_write"][i] != buffer[i]:
								if args["rtc_area"] is True and i in (0xC4, 0xC5, 0xC6, 0xC7, 0xC8, 0xC9):
									dprint("Skipping RTC area at 0x{:X}".format(i))
								else:
									dprint("Mismatch during verification at 0x{:X}".format(i))
									return i
					else:
						dprint("Verification successful between 0x{:X} and 0x{:X}".format(pos_total-len(temp), pos_total))
					self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":args["verify_from"]+pos_total})
				else:
					self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":pos_total})

				pos += buffer_len
			
			bank += 1
		
		if "verify_write" in args:
			return min(pos_total, len(args["verify_write"]))

		if not "bl_offset" in args:
			# Hidden sector (GB-Memory)
			if self.MODE == "DMG" and len(args["path"]) > 0 and _mbc.HasHiddenSector():
				file = open(os.path.splitext(args["path"])[0] + ".map", "wb")
				temp = _mbc.ReadHiddenSector()
				self.INFO["hidden_sector"] = temp
				self.INFO["dump_info"]["gbmem"] = temp
				self.INFO["dump_info"]["gbmem_parsed"] = (GBMemoryMap()).ParseMapData(buffer_map=temp, buffer_rom=buffer)
				file.write(temp)
				file.close()
				gbmp = self.INFO["dump_info"]["gbmem_parsed"]
				if (isinstance(gbmp, list)) and len(args["path"]) > 2:
					for i in range(1, len(gbmp)):
						if gbmp[i]["header"] == {} or gbmp[i]["header"]["logo_correct"] is False: continue
						settings = None
						if "settings" in args: settings = args["settings"]
						gbmp_n = Util.GenerateFileName(mode="DMG", header=gbmp[i]["header"], settings=settings)
						gbmp_p = "{:s} - {:s}".format(os.path.splitext(args["path"])[0], gbmp_n)
						with open(gbmp_p, "wb") as f:
							f.write(buffer[gbmp[i]["rom_offset"]:gbmp[i]["rom_offset"]+gbmp[i]["rom_size"]])
			else:
				if "hidden_sector" in self.INFO: del(self.INFO["hidden_sector"])
				if "gbmem" in self.INFO["dump_info"]: del(self.INFO["dump_info"]["gbmem"])
				if "gbmem_parsed" in self.INFO["dump_info"]: del(self.INFO["dump_info"]["gbmem_parsed"])
			
			# Calculate Global Checksum
			if self.MODE == "DMG":
				if _mbc.GetName() == "MMM01":
					self.INFO["dump_info"]["header"].update(RomFileDMG(buffer[-0x8000:-0x8000+0x180]).GetHeader(unchanged=True))
				elif _mbc.GetName() == "Sachen":
					pass
				#chk = _mbc.CalcChecksum(buffer)
				self.INFO["rom_checksum_calc"] = _mbc.CalcChecksum(buffer)
			elif self.MODE == "AGB":
				self.INFO["dump_info"]["header"].update(RomFileAGB(buffer[:0x180]).GetHeader())
				
				temp_ver = "N/A"
				try:
					ids = [ b"SRAM_", b"EEPROM_V", b"FLASH_V", b"FLASH512_V", b"FLASH1M_V", b"AGB_8MDACS_DL_V" ]
					for id in ids:
						temp_pos = buffer.find(id)
						if temp_pos > 0:
							temp_ver = buffer[temp_pos:temp_pos+0x20]
							temp_ver = temp_ver[:temp_ver.index(0x00)].decode("ascii", "replace")
							break
				except ValueError:
					temp_ver = "N/A"
				self.INFO["dump_info"]["agb_savelib"] = temp_ver
				self.INFO["dump_info"]["agb_save_flash_id"] = None
				if "FLASH" in temp_ver:
					try:
						agb_save_flash_id = self.ReadFlashSaveID()
						if agb_save_flash_id is not False and len(agb_save_flash_id) == 2:
							self.INFO["dump_info"]["agb_save_flash_id"] = agb_save_flash_id
					except:
						print("Error querying the flash save chip.")
						self.DEVICE.reset_input_buffer()
						self.DEVICE.reset_output_buffer()
				
				if "eeprom_data" in self.INFO["dump_info"]: del(self.INFO["dump_info"]["eeprom_data"])
				if "EEPROM" in temp_ver and len(buffer) == 0x2000000:
					padding_byte = buffer[0x1FFFEFF]
					dprint("Replacing unmapped ROM data of cartridge (32 MiB ROM + EEPROM save type) with the original padding byte of 0x{:02X}.".format(padding_byte))
					self.INFO["dump_info"]["eeprom_data"] = buffer[0x1FFFF00:0x1FFFF10]
					buffer[0x1FFFF00:0x2000000] = bytearray([padding_byte] * 0x100)
					file.seek(0x1FFFF00)
					file.write(buffer[0x1FFFF00:0x2000000])

			self.INFO["file_crc32"] = zlib.crc32(buffer) & 0xFFFFFFFF
			self.INFO["file_sha1"] = hashlib.sha1(buffer).hexdigest()
			self.INFO["file_sha256"] = hashlib.sha256(buffer).hexdigest()
			self.INFO["file_md5"] = hashlib.md5(buffer).hexdigest()
			self.INFO["dump_info"]["hash_crc32"] = self.INFO["file_crc32"]
			self.INFO["dump_info"]["hash_sha1"] = self.INFO["file_sha1"]
			self.INFO["dump_info"]["hash_sha256"] = self.INFO["file_sha256"]
			self.INFO["dump_info"]["hash_md5"] = self.INFO["file_md5"]
			
			# Check for ROM loops
			self.INFO["loop_detected"] = False
			temp = len(buffer)
			while temp > 0x4000:
				temp = temp >> 1
				if (buffer[0:0x4000] == buffer[temp:temp+0x4000]):
					if buffer[0:temp] == buffer[temp:temp*2]:
						self.INFO["loop_detected"] = temp
				else:
					break

		if file is not None: file.close()
		
		# ↓↓↓ Switch to first ROM bank
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			if _mbc.ResetBeforeBankChange(0) is True:
				dprint("Resetting the MBC")
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
			_mbc.SelectBankROM(0)
			self.SetDMGReadMethod(dmg_read_method)
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			if "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] > 0:
				flashcart.SelectBankROM(0)
			self.SetAGBReadMethod(agb_read_method)
		# ↑↑↑ Switch to first ROM bank
		
		# Clean up
		self.INFO["last_action"] = self.INFO["action"]
		self.INFO["action"] = None
		self.INFO["last_path"] = args["path"]
		self.SetProgress({"action":"FINISHED"})
		return True

	def WriteRTC(self, args):
		if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
			self.CartPowerOn()
		
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			_mbc = DMG_MBC().GetInstance(args=args, cart_write_fncptr=self._cart_write, cart_read_fncptr=self._cart_read, cart_powercycle_fncptr=self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect, clk_toggle_fncptr=self._clk_toggle)
			if not _mbc.HasRTC(): return False
			ret = _mbc.WriteRTCDict(args["rtc_dict"])
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			_agb_gpio = AGB_GPIO(args={"rtc":True}, cart_write_fncptr=self._cart_write, cart_read_fncptr=self._cart_read, cart_powercycle_fncptr=self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect, clk_toggle_fncptr=self._clk_toggle)
			if _agb_gpio.HasRTC() is not True: return False
			ret = _agb_gpio.WriteRTCDict(args["rtc_dict"])
		else:
			raise NotImplementedError
		return ret
	
	def _BackupRestoreRAM(self, args):
		self.FAST_READ = False
		if "rtc" not in args: args["rtc"] = False
		
		# Prepare some stuff
		command = None
		empty_data_byte = 0x00
		extra_size = 0
		audio_low = False
		
		# Initialization
		ram_banks = 0
		buffer_len = 0
		sram_5 = 0
		temp = None

		cart_type = None
		if "cart_type" in args and args["cart_type"] >= 0:
			supported_carts = list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS[self.MODE].values())
			cart_type = copy.deepcopy(supported_carts[args["cart_type"]])

			if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
				if self.MODE == "DMG":
					# Joey Jr bug workaround
					enable_pullup_wr = 2 if (("enable_pullup_wr" in cart_type and cart_type["enable_pullup_wr"] is True) or ("force_wr_pullup" in args and args["force_wr_pullup"] is True)) else 0
					self._set_fw_variable("PULLUPS_ENABLED", enable_pullup_wr)

		self._set_fw_variable("STATUS_REGISTER_MASK", 0x80)
		self._set_fw_variable("STATUS_REGISTER_VALUE", 0x80)

		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True) # fixes Taobao FRAM cart save data
			_mbc = DMG_MBC().GetInstance(args=args, cart_write_fncptr=self._cart_write, cart_read_fncptr=self._cart_read, cart_powercycle_fncptr=self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect, clk_toggle_fncptr=self._clk_toggle)
			if not self.IsSupportedMbc(args["mbc"]):
				msg = "This cartridge uses a mapper that is not supported by {:s} using your {:s} device.".format(Util.APPNAME, self.GetFullName())
				self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":msg, "abortable":False})
				return False
			if "save_size" in args:
				save_size = args["save_size"]
			else:
				save_size = Util.DMG_Header_RAM_Sizes_Flasher_Map[Util.DMG_Header_RAM_Sizes_Map.index(args["save_type"])]
			
			ram_banks = _mbc.GetRAMBanks(save_size)

			buffer_len = min(0x200, _mbc.GetRAMBankSize())
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_DMG"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 0)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 0)

			# Enable mappers
			if _mbc.GetName() == "TAMA5":
				self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 1)
				self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 1)
				_mbc.EnableMapper()
				self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 0)
				buffer_len = 0x20
			elif _mbc.GetName() == "MBC7":
				buffer_len = save_size
			elif _mbc.GetName() == "MBC6":
				empty_data_byte = 0xFF
				audio_low = True
				self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_METHOD", 0x04) # FLASH_METHOD_DMG_MBC6
				self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_WE_PIN", 0x01) # WR
				_mbc.EnableFlash(enable=True, enable_write=True if (args["mode"] == 3) else False)
			elif _mbc.GetName() == "Xploder GB":
				empty_data_byte = 0xFF
				self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_PULSE_RESET", 0)
				self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_DOUBLE_DIE", 0)
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_FLASH_CMD"])
				self._write(0x00) # FLASH_COMMAND_SET_NONE
				self._write(0x01) # FLASH_METHOD_UNBUFFERED
				self._write(0x01) # FLASH_WE_PIN_WR
				commands = [
					[ 0x5555, 0xAA ],
					[ 0x2AAA, 0x55 ],
					[ 0x5555, 0xA0 ],
				]
				for i in range(0, 6):
					if i >= len(commands):
						self._write(bytearray(struct.pack(">I", 0)) + bytearray(struct.pack(">H", 0)))
					else:
						self._write(bytearray(struct.pack(">I", commands[i][0])) + bytearray(struct.pack(">H", commands[i][1])))
				if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12: self.wait_for_ack()
				self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_COMMANDS_BANK_1", 1)
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_SET_BANK_CHANGE_CMD"])
				self._write(1) # number of commands
				self._write(bytearray(struct.pack(">I", 0x0006))) # address/value
				self._write(0) # type = address
				ret = self._read(1)
				if ret != 0x01:
					print("Error in DMG_SET_BANK_CHANGE_CMD:", ret)
			else:
				_mbc.EnableMapper()
			
			if args["rtc"] is True:
				extra_size = _mbc.GetRTCBufferSize()
			
			# Check for DMG-MBC5-32M-FLASH
			self._cart_write(0x2000, 0x00)
			self._cart_write(0x4000, 0x90)
			flash_id = self._cart_read(0x4000, 2)
			if flash_id == bytearray([0xB0, 0x88]): audio_low = True
			self._cart_write(0x4000, 0xF0)
			self._cart_write(0x4000, 0xFF)
			self._cart_write(0x2000, 0x01)
			if audio_low:
				dprint("DMG-MBC5-32M-FLASH Development Cartridge detected")
				self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_WE_PIN", 0x01)
				self.SetPin(["PIN_AUDIO"], False)
			self._cart_write(0x4000, 0x00)
			
			_mbc.EnableRAM(enable=True)
		
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_AGB"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_3_3V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			buffer_len = 0x2000
			if "save_size" in args:
				save_size = args["save_size"]
			else:
				save_size = Util.AGB_Header_Save_Sizes[args["save_type"]]
			ram_banks = math.ceil(save_size / 0x10000)
			agb_flash_chip = 0

			if args["save_type"] in (1, 2): # EEPROM
				if args["mode"] == 3:
					buffer_len = 0x40
				else:
					buffer_len = 0x100
			elif args["save_type"] in (4, 5): # FLASH
				empty_data_byte = 0xFF
				ret = self.ReadFlashSaveID()
				if ret is False:
					self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"Couldn’t detect the save data flash chip type.", "abortable":False})
					return False
				buffer_len = 0x1000
				(agb_flash_chip, _) = ret
				if agb_flash_chip in (0xBF5B, 0xFFFF): # Bootlegs
					buffer_len = 0x800
			elif args["save_type"] == 6: # DACS
				# self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_BOOTUP_SEQUENCE"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
				empty_data_byte = 0xFF
				# Read Chip ID
				ram_banks = 1
				self._cart_write(0, 0x90)
				flash_id = self._cart_read(0, 4)
				self._cart_write(0, 0x50)
				self._cart_write(0, 0xFF)
				if flash_id != bytearray([ 0xB0, 0x00, 0x9F, 0x00 ]):
					dprint("Warning: Unknown DACS flash chip ID ({:s})".format(' '.join(format(x, '02X') for x in flash_id)))
					self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"Couldn’t detect the DACS flash chip.\nUnknown Flash ID: {:s}".format(' '.join(format(x, '02X') for x in flash_id)), "abortable":False})
					return False
				buffer_len = 0x2000

				# ↓↓↓ Load commands into firmware
				flash_cmds = [
					[ "PA", 0x70 ],
					[ "PA", 0x10 ],
					[ "PA", "PD" ]
				]
				self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_SHARP_VERIFY_SR", 1)
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_FLASH_CMD"])
				self._write(0x02) # FLASH_COMMAND_SET_INTEL
				self._write(0x01) # FLASH_METHOD_UNBUFFERED
				self._write(0x00) # unset
				for i in range(0, 6):
					if i > len(flash_cmds) - 1: # skip
						self._write(bytearray(struct.pack(">I", 0)) + bytearray(struct.pack(">H", 0)))
					else:
						address = flash_cmds[i][0]
						value = flash_cmds[i][1]
						if not isinstance(address, int): address = 0
						if not isinstance(value, int): value = 0
						address >>= 1
						dprint("Setting command #{:d} to 0x{:X}=0x{:X}".format(i, address, value))
						self._write(bytearray(struct.pack(">I", address)) + bytearray(struct.pack(">H", value)))
				if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12: self.wait_for_ack()
				# ↑↑↑ Load commands into firmware
			
			# Bootleg mapper
			if cart_type is not None and "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] == 1:
				sram_5 = struct.unpack("B", bytes(self._cart_read(address=5, length=1, agb_save_flash=True)))[0]
				self._cart_write(address=5, value=1, sram=True)
			
			commands = [ # save type commands
				[ [None], [None] ], # No save
				[ bytearray([ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_EEPROM"], 1]), bytearray([ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_WRITE_EEPROM"], 1]) ], # 4K EEPROM
				[ bytearray([ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_EEPROM"], 2]), bytearray([ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_WRITE_EEPROM"], 2]) ], # 64K EEPROM
				[ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_SRAM"], self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_WRITE_SRAM"] ], # 256K SRAM
				[ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_SRAM"], bytearray([ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_WRITE_FLASH_DATA"], 2 if agb_flash_chip == 0x1F3D else 1]) ], # 512K FLASH
				[ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_SRAM"], bytearray([ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_WRITE_FLASH_DATA"], 1]) ], # 1M FLASH
				[ False, False ], # 8M DACS
				[ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_SRAM"], self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_WRITE_SRAM"] ], # 512K SRAM
				[ self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_READ_SRAM"], self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_CART_WRITE_SRAM"] ], # 1M SRAM
			]
			command = commands[args["save_type"]][args["mode"] - 2]
			
			if args["rtc"] is True:
				extra_size = 0x10
		
		action = None
		if args["mode"] == 2: # Backup
			action = "SAVE_READ"
			buffer = bytearray()
			if self.MODE == "DMG" and args["save_type"] == 0x204: # Unlicensed PHOTO!
				ram_banks = 16
		
		elif args["mode"] == 3: # Restore
			action = "SAVE_WRITE"
			self.INFO["save_erase"] = args["erase"]
			if args["erase"] == True:
				buffer = bytearray([ empty_data_byte ] * save_size)
				if self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "Xploder GB":
					buffer[0] = 0x00
				elif self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "MAC-GBD":
					buffer[0x11B2:0x11D7] = bytearray.fromhex("FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF4D616769631115")
					buffer[0x11D7:0x11FC] = buffer[0x11B2:0x11D7]
			else:
				if args["path"] is None:
					if "buffer" in args:
						buffer = args["buffer"]
					else:
						buffer = self.INFO["data"]
				else:
					with open(args["path"], "rb") as f:
						buffer = bytearray(f.read())
				
				if self.MODE == "DMG" and args["save_type"] == 0x204: # Unlicensed PHOTO!
					ram_banks = 16
					if len(buffer) <= 0x20000:
						save_size = len(buffer)
						args["save_type"] = 0x04

				# Fill too small file
				if not (self.MODE == "AGB" and args["save_type"] == 6): # Not DACS
					if args["mode"] == 3:
						while len(buffer) < save_size:
							buffer += bytearray(buffer)

		# Main loop
		if not (args["mode"] == 2 and "verify_write" in args and args["verify_write"]):
			self.INFO["action"] = self.ACTIONS[action]
			self.SetProgress({"action":"INITIALIZE", "method":action, "size":save_size+extra_size})
		
		buffer_offset = 0
		for bank in range(0, ram_banks):
			if self.MODE == "DMG":
				if _mbc.GetName() == "MBC6" and bank > 7:
					self._set_fw_variable("DMG_ROM_BANK", bank - 8)
					(start_address, bank_size) = _mbc.SelectBankFlash(bank - 8)
					end_address = start_address + bank_size
					buffer_len = 0x2000
					if args["mode"] == 3: # Restore
						if ((buffer_offset - 0x8000) % 0x20000) == 0:
							dprint("Erasing flash sector at position 0x{:X}".format(buffer_offset))
							_mbc.EraseFlashSector()
				elif _mbc.GetName() == "Xploder GB":
					self._set_fw_variable("DMG_ROM_BANK", bank + 8)
					(start_address, bank_size) = _mbc.SelectBankRAM(bank)
					end_address = min(save_size, start_address + bank_size)
				else:
					self._set_fw_variable("DMG_WRITE_CS_PULSE", 1 if _mbc.WriteWithCSPulse() else 0)
					(start_address, bank_size) = _mbc.SelectBankRAM(bank)
					end_address = min(save_size, start_address + bank_size)
			elif self.MODE == "AGB":
				start_address = 0
				bank_size = 0x10000
				if args["save_type"] == 6: # DACS
					bank_size = min(save_size, 0x100000)
					buffer_len = 0x2000
				
				end_address = min(save_size, bank_size)
				
				if save_size > bank_size:
					if args["save_type"] == 8 or agb_flash_chip in (0xBF5B, 0xFFFF): # Bootleg 1M
						dprint("Switching to bootleg save bank {:d}".format(bank))
						self._cart_write(0x1000000, bank)
					elif args["save_type"] == 5: # FLASH 1M
						dprint("Switching to FLASH bank {:d}".format(bank))
						cmds = [
							[ 0x5555, 0xAA ],
							[ 0x2AAA, 0x55 ],
							[ 0x5555, 0xB0 ],
							[ 0, bank ]
						]
						self._cart_write_flash(cmds)
					else:
						dprint("Unknown bank switching method")
					time.sleep(0.05)

			max_length = 64
			dprint("start_address=0x{:X}, end_address=0x{:X}, buffer_len=0x{:X}, buffer_offset=0x{:X}".format(start_address, end_address, buffer_len, buffer_offset))
			pos = start_address
			while pos < end_address:
				if self.CANCEL:
					cancel_args = {"action":"ABORT", "abortable":False}
					cancel_args.update(self.CANCEL_ARGS)
					self.CANCEL_ARGS = {}
					self.ERROR_ARGS = {}
					self.SetProgress(cancel_args)
					if self.CanPowerCycleCart(): self.CartPowerCycle()
					return
				
				if args["mode"] == 2: # Backup
					in_temp = [None] * 2
					if "verify_read" in args and args["verify_read"]: # Read twice for detecting instabilities
						xe = 2
					else:
						xe = 1
					for x in range(0, xe):
						if x == 1:
							self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = True
						else:
							self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = False
						
						if self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "MBC7":
							in_temp[x] = self.ReadRAM_MBC7(address=pos, length=buffer_len)
						elif self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "MBC6" and bank > 7: # MBC6 flash save memory
							in_temp[x] = self.ReadROM(address=pos, length=buffer_len, skip_init=False, max_length=max_length)
						elif self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "TAMA5":
							in_temp[x] = self.ReadRAM_TAMA5()
						elif self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "Xploder GB":
							in_temp[x] = self.ReadROM(address=0x20000+pos, length=buffer_len, skip_init=False, max_length=max_length)
						elif self.MODE == "AGB" and args["save_type"] in (1, 2): # EEPROM
							in_temp[x] = self.ReadRAM(address=int(pos/8), length=buffer_len, command=command, max_length=max_length)
						elif self.MODE == "AGB" and args["save_type"] == 6: # DACS
							in_temp[x] = self.ReadROM(address=0x1F00000+pos, length=buffer_len, skip_init=False, max_length=max_length)
						elif self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "MBC2":
							in_temp[x] = self.ReadRAM(address=pos, length=buffer_len, command=command, max_length=max_length)
							for i in range(0, len(in_temp[x])):
								in_temp[x][i] = in_temp[x][i] & 0x0F
						else:
							in_temp[x] = self.ReadRAM(address=pos, length=buffer_len, command=command, max_length=max_length)

						if len(in_temp[x]) != buffer_len:
							if (max_length >> 1) < 64:
								dprint("Received 0x{:X} bytes instead of 0x{:X} bytes from the device at position 0x{:X}!".format(len(in_temp[x]), buffer_len, len(buffer)))
								max_length = 64
							else:
								dprint("Received 0x{:X} bytes instead of 0x{:X} bytes from the device at position 0x{:X}! Decreasing maximum transfer buffer length to 0x{:X}.".format(len(in_temp[x]), buffer_len, len(buffer), max_length >> 1))
								max_length >>= 1
							self.DEVICE.reset_input_buffer()
							self.DEVICE.reset_output_buffer()
							continue
					
					if xe == 2 and in_temp[0] != in_temp[1]:
						self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"Failed to read save data consistently. Please ensure that the cartridge contacts are clean.", "abortable":False})
						return False
					
					temp = in_temp[0]
					buffer += temp
					self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":len(buffer)})
				
				elif args["mode"] == 3: # Restore
					if self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "MBC7":
						self.WriteEEPROM_MBC7(address=pos, buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len])
					elif self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "MBC6" and bank > 7: # MBC6 flash save memory
						if self.FW["fw_ver"] > 1:
							self.WriteROM(address=pos, buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len])
							self._cart_write(pos + buffer_len - 1, 0xF0)
						else:
							self.WriteFlash_MBC6(address=pos, buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len], mapper=_mbc)
					elif self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "TAMA5":
						self.WriteRAM_TAMA5(buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len])
					elif self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "Xploder GB":
						self.WriteROM_DMG_EEPROM(address=pos, buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len], bank=bank+8)
					elif self.MODE == "AGB" and args["save_type"] in (1, 2): # EEPROM
						self.WriteRAM(address=int(pos/8), buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len], command=command)
					elif self.MODE == "AGB" and args["save_type"] in (4, 5): # FLASH
						sector_address = pos % 0x10000
						if agb_flash_chip == 0x1F3D: # Atmel AT29LV512
							self.WriteRAM(address=int(pos/128), buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len], command=command)
						else:
							dprint("Erasing flash save sector; pos=0x{:X}, sector_address=0x{:X}".format(pos, sector_address))
							cmds = [
								[ 0x5555, 0xAA ],
								[ 0x2AAA, 0x55 ],
								[ 0x5555, 0x80 ],
								[ 0x5555, 0xAA ],
								[ 0x2AAA, 0x55 ],
								[ sector_address, 0x30 ]
							]
							self._cart_write_flash(cmds)
							sr = 0
							lives = 50
							while True:
								time.sleep(0.01)
								sr = self._cart_read(sector_address, 2, agb_save_flash=True)
								try:
									sr = struct.unpack(">H", sr)[0]
								except:
									sr = str(sr)
								dprint("Data Check: 0x{:X} == 0xFFFF? {:s}".format(sr, str(sr == 0xFFFF)))
								if sr == 0xFFFF: break
								lives -= 1
								if lives == 0:
									errmsg = "Error: Save data flash sector at 0x{:X} didn’t erase successfully (SR={:04X}).".format(bank*0x10000 + pos, sr)
									print("{:s}{:s}{:s}".format(ANSI.RED, errmsg, ANSI.RESET))
									dprint(errmsg)
									break
							if buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len] != bytearray([0xFF] * buffer_len):
								if ("ereader" in self.INFO and self.INFO["ereader"] is True and sector_address == 0xF000):
									self.WriteRAM(address=pos, buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+0xF80], command=command, max_length=0x80)
								else:
									self.WriteRAM(address=pos, buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len], command=command)
					elif self.MODE == "AGB" and args["save_type"] == 6: # DACS
						sector_address = pos + 0x1F00000
						if sector_address in (0x1F00000, 0x1F10000, 0x1F20000, 0x1F30000, 0x1F40000, 0x1F50000, 0x1F60000, 0x1F70000, 0x1F80000, 0x1F90000, 0x1FA0000, 0x1FB0000, 0x1FC0000, 0x1FD0000, 0x1FE0000, 0x1FF0000, 0x1FF2000, 0x1FF4000, 0x1FF6000, 0x1FF8000, 0x1FFA000, 0x1FFC000):
							dprint("DACS: Now at sector 0x{:X}".format(sector_address))
							cmds = [
								[ # Erase Sector
									[ 0, 0x50 ],
									[ sector_address, 0x20 ],
									[ sector_address, 0xD0 ],
								]
							]
							if sector_address == 0x1F00000: # First write
								temp = [
									[ # Unlock
										[ 0, 0x50 ],
										[ 0, 0x60 ],
										[ 0, 0xD0 ],
									]
								]
								temp.extend(cmds)
								cmds = temp
							elif sector_address == 0x1FFC000: # Boot sector
								temp = [
									[ # Unlock 1
										[ 0, 0x50 ],
										[ 0, 0x60 ],
										[ 0, 0xD0 ],
									],
									[ # Unlock 2
										[ 0, 0x50 ],
										[ sector_address, 0x60 ],
										[ sector_address, 0xDC ],
									]
								]
								temp.extend(cmds)
								cmds = temp
							
							for cmd in cmds:
								dprint("Executing DACS commands:", cmd)
								self._cart_write_flash(commands=cmd, flashcart=True)
								sr = 0
								lives = 20
								while True:
									time.sleep(0.1)
									sr = struct.unpack("<H", self._cart_read(sector_address, 2))[0]
									dprint("DACS: Status Register Check: 0x{:X} == 0x80? {:s}".format(sr, str(sr & 0xE0 == 0x80)))
									if sr & 0xE0 == 0x80: break
									lives -= 1
									if lives == 0:
										self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"An error occured while writing to the DACS cartridge. Please make sure that the cartridge contacts are clean, re-connect the device and try again from the beginning.", "abortable":False})
										return False
						if sector_address < 0x1FFE000:
							dprint("DACS: Writing to area 0x{:X}–0x{:X}".format(0x1F00000+pos, 0x1F00000+pos+buffer_len-1))
							self.WriteROM(address=0x1F00000+pos, buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len])
						else:
							dprint("DACS: Skipping read-only area 0x{:X}–0x{:X}".format(0x1F00000+pos, 0x1F00000+pos+buffer_len-1))
					else:
						self.WriteRAM(address=pos, buffer=buffer[buffer_offset:buffer_offset+buffer_len], command=command)
					self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":buffer_offset+buffer_len})
				
				pos += buffer_len
				buffer_offset += buffer_len
		
		verified = False
		if args["mode"] == 2: # Backup
			self.INFO["transferred"] = len(buffer)
			rtc_buffer = None
			# Real Time Clock
			if args["rtc"] is True:
				self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = True
				if self.MODE == "DMG" and args["rtc"] is True:
					if _mbc.HasRTC():
						_mbc.LatchRTC()
						rtc_buffer = _mbc.ReadRTC()
				elif self.MODE == "AGB":
					_agb_gpio = AGB_GPIO(args={"rtc":True}, cart_write_fncptr=self._cart_write, cart_read_fncptr=self._cart_read, cart_powercycle_fncptr=self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect, clk_toggle_fncptr=self._clk_toggle)
					rtc_buffer = None
					if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["AGB_READ_GPIO_RTC"])
						rtc_buffer = self._read(8)
						if len(rtc_buffer) == 8 and _agb_gpio.HasRTC(rtc_buffer) is True:
							rtc_buffer = rtc_buffer[1:]
							rtc_buffer.append(_agb_gpio.RTCReadStatus()) # 24h mode = 0x40, reset flag = 0x80
							rtc_buffer.extend(struct.pack("<Q", int(time.time())))
						else:
							rtc_buffer = None
					else:
						if _agb_gpio.HasRTC() is True:
							rtc_buffer = _agb_gpio.ReadRTC(buffer=rtc_buffer)
				self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = False
				if rtc_buffer in (False, None): rtc_buffer = bytearray()
				self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":len(buffer)+len(rtc_buffer)})
			
			# Bootleg mapper
			if self.MODE == "AGB" and cart_type is not None and "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] == 1:
				buffer[5] = sram_5
			
			# PHOTO! rolls
			if self.MODE == "DMG" and args["save_type"] == 0x204:
				for i in range(8, 64):
					_mbc.SelectBankROM(i)
					buffer += self.ReadROM(0x4000, 0x4000)
					self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":len(buffer)})
			
			if args["path"] is not None:
				if self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "MBC2":
					for i in range(0, len(buffer)):
						buffer[i] = buffer[i] & 0x0F
				file = open(args["path"], "wb")
				file.write(buffer)
				if rtc_buffer is not None:
					file.write(rtc_buffer)
				file.close()
			else:
				self.INFO["data"] = buffer
			
			self.INFO["file_crc32"] = zlib.crc32(buffer) & 0xFFFFFFFF
			self.INFO["file_sha1"] = hashlib.sha1(buffer).hexdigest()

			if "verify_write" in args and args["verify_write"] not in (None, False):
				return True
			elif "verify_write" not in args or args["verify_write"] is False:
				verified = True
		
		elif args["mode"] == 3: # Restore
			self.INFO["transferred"] = len(buffer)
			if args["rtc"] is True:
				advance = "rtc_advance" in args and args["rtc_advance"]
				self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_RTC", "method":"write"})
				if self.MODE == "DMG" and args["rtc"] is True:
					if "erase" in args and args["erase"] is True:
						buffer += bytearray([0] * _mbc.GetRTCBufferSize())
					_mbc.WriteRTC(buffer[-_mbc.GetRTCBufferSize():], advance=advance)
				elif self.MODE == "AGB":
					if "erase" in args and args["erase"] is True:
						buffer += bytearray([0xFF] * 0x10)
					_agb_gpio = AGB_GPIO(args={"rtc":True}, cart_write_fncptr=self._cart_write, cart_read_fncptr=self._cart_read, cart_powercycle_fncptr=self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect, clk_toggle_fncptr=self._clk_toggle)
					_agb_gpio.WriteRTC(buffer[-0x10:], advance=advance)
			
			# PHOTO! rolls
			if self.MODE == "DMG" and args["save_type"] == 0x204 and "cart_type" in args and args["cart_type"] != -1:
				if len(buffer) > 0x20000:
					self._FlashROM({'buffer': buffer[0x20000:0x100000], 'path':"", 'cart_type': args["cart_type"], 'override_voltage': False, 'prefer_chip_erase': False, 'fast_read_mode': True, 'verify_write': False, 'fix_header': False, 'fix_bootlogo': False, 'mbc': 252, 'bl_offset': 0x20000, 'bl_size': 0xE0000, 'bl_layout': 0, 'bl_save': True, 'flash_offset': 0x20000, 'flash_size': 0xE0000, 'mode': 4, 'photo_mode': True})
					args["verify_write"] = False

			self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":len(buffer), "force_update":True})

			# ↓↓↓ Write verify
			if "verify_write" in args and args["verify_write"] is True and args["erase"] is not True:
				if self.MODE == "DMG": _mbc.SelectBankRAM(0)
				self.SetProgress({"action":"INITIALIZE", "method":"SAVE_WRITE_VERIFY", "size":buffer_offset})

				verify_args = copy.copy(args)
				start_address = 0
				end_address = buffer_offset
				if self.MODE == "AGB" and args["save_type"] == 6: # DACS
					end_address = min(len(buffer), 0xFE000)

				path = args["path"] # backup path
				verify_args.update({"mode":2, "verify_write":buffer, "path":None})
				self.ReadROM(0, 4) # dummy read
				self.INFO["data"] = None
				if self._BackupRestoreRAM(verify_args) is False: return

				if args["mbc"] == 6: # MBC2
					for i in range(0, len(self.INFO["data"])):
						self.INFO["data"][i] &= 0x0F
						buffer[i] &= 0x0F

				args["path"] = path # restore path
				if self.CANCEL is True:
					pass

				if self.MODE == "AGB" and "ereader" in self.INFO and self.INFO["ereader"] is True: # e-Reader
					buffer[0xFF80:0x10000] = self.INFO["data"][0xFF80:0x10000]
					buffer[0x1FF80:0x20000] = self.INFO["data"][0xFF80:0x10000]
				
				elif (self.INFO["data"][:end_address] != buffer[:end_address]):
					msg = ""
					count = 0
					time_start = time.time()
					for i in range(0, len(self.INFO["data"])):
						if i >= len(buffer): break
						if time.time() > time_start + 10:
							self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"The save data was written completely, but didn’t pass the verification check.", "abortable":False})
							return False
						data1 = self.INFO["data"][i]
						data2 = buffer[:end_address][i]
						if data1 != data2:
							count += 1
							if len(msg.split("\n")) <= 10:
								msg += "- 0x{:06X}: {:02X}≠{:02X}\n".format(i, data1, data2)
							elif len(msg.split("\n")) == 11:
								msg += "(more than 10 differences found)\n"
							else:
								pass
					self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"The save data was written completely, but {:d} byte(s) ({:.2f}%) didn’t pass the verification check.\n\n{:s}".format(count, (count / len(self.INFO["data"]) * 100), msg[:-1]), "abortable":False})
					return False
				else:
					verified = True
			else:
				verified = True
			# ↑↑↑ Write verify
		
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			_mbc.SelectBankRAM(0)
			_mbc.EnableRAM(enable=False)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_READ_CS_PULSE", 0)
			if audio_low:
				self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_WE_PIN", 0x02)
				self.SetPin(["PIN_AUDIO"], True)
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_ADDR_AS_INPUTS"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12) # Prevent hotplugging corruptions on rare occasions
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			# Bootleg mapper
			if cart_type is not None and "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] == 1:
				self._cart_write(address=5, value=0, sram=True)
				self._cart_write(address=5, value=buffer[5], sram=True)

		# Clean up
		self.INFO["last_action"] = self.INFO["action"]
		self.INFO["action"] = None
		self.INFO["last_path"] = args["path"]
		self.SetProgress({"action":"FINISHED", "verified":verified})
		return True
	
	def _FlashROM(self, args):
		# Initialization
		self.FAST_READ = True
		temp = None
		rom_bank_size = 0
		end_bank = 0
		pos_from = 0
		verify_len = 0
		enable_pullup_wr = False

		if "buffer" in args:
			data_import = args["buffer"]
		else:
			with open(args["path"], "rb") as file: data_import = bytearray(file.read())
		
		flash_offset = 0 # Batteryless SRAM or Transfer Resume
		if "flash_offset" in args:
			flash_offset = args["flash_offset"]
		if "start_addr" in args and args["start_addr"] > 0:
			data_import = bytearray(b'\xFF' * args["start_addr"]) + data_import
		
		# Batteryless SRAM
		if "bl_layout" in args and args["bl_layout"] in (1, 2):
			args["bl_size"] <<= 1
			args["flash_size"] <<= 1
			bl_data_import = bytearray(b'\xFF' * args["bl_size"])
			
			if args["bl_layout"] == 1:
				for i in range(0, args["bl_size"] // 0x4000):
					bl_data_import[i*0x4000:i*0x4000+0x2000] = data_import[i*0x2000:i*0x2000+0x2000]
			elif args["bl_layout"] == 2:
				for i in range(0, args["bl_size"] // 0x4000):
					bl_data_import[i*0x4000+0x2000:i*0x4000+0x2000+0x2000] = data_import[i*0x2000:i*0x2000+0x2000]
			data_import = bl_data_import
		
		# Pad data
		if len(data_import) > 0:
			if len(data_import) < 0x400:
				data_import += bytearray([0xFF] * (0x400 - len(data_import)))
			if len(data_import) % 0x4000 > 0:
				data_import += bytearray([0xFF] * (0x4000 - len(data_import) % 0x4000))
			
			# Skip writing the last 256 bytes of 32 MiB ROMs with EEPROM save type
			if self.MODE == "AGB" and len(data_import) == 0x2000000:
				temp_ver = "N/A"
				try:
					ids = [ b"SRAM_", b"EEPROM_V", b"FLASH_V", b"FLASH512_V", b"FLASH1M_V", b"AGB_8MDACS_DL_V" ]
					for id in ids:
						temp_pos = data_import.find(id)
						if temp_pos > 0:
							temp_ver = data_import[temp_pos:temp_pos+0x20]
							temp_ver = temp_ver[:temp_ver.index(0x00)].decode("ascii", "replace")
							break
				except ValueError:
					temp_ver = "N/A"
				if "EEPROM" in temp_ver:
					print("{:s}Note: The last 256 bytes of this 32 MiB ROM will not be written as this area is reserved by the EEPROM save type.{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, ANSI.RESET))
					data_import = data_import[:0x1FFFF00]
		
		# Fix bootlogo and header
		if "fix_bootlogo" in args and isinstance(args["fix_bootlogo"], bytearray):
			dstr = ''.join(format(x, '02X') for x in args["fix_bootlogo"])
			dprint("Replacing bootlogo data with", dstr)
			if self.MODE == "DMG":
				data_import[0x104:0x134] = args["fix_bootlogo"]
			elif self.MODE == "AGB":
				data_import[0x04:0xA0] = args["fix_bootlogo"]
		if "fix_header" in args and args["fix_header"]:
			dprint("Fixing header checksums")
			if self.MODE == "DMG":
				temp = RomFileDMG(data_import[0:0x200]).FixHeader()
			elif self.MODE == "AGB":
				temp = RomFileAGB(data_import[0:0x200]).FixHeader()
			data_import[0:0x200] = temp
		
		supported_carts = list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS[self.MODE].values())
		cart_type = copy.deepcopy(supported_carts[args["cart_type"]])
		try:
			cart_name = cart_type["names"][0]
		except:
			cart_name = "Unknown"
		
		if cart_type == "RETAIL": return False # Generic ROM Cartridge is not flashable
		
		# Firmware check L2
		if (cart_type["type"] == "DMG" and "write_pin" in cart_type and cart_type["write_pin"] == "WR+RESET" and self.FW["fw_ver"] < 2) or (self.FW["fw_ver"] < 2 and ("pulse_reset_after_write" in cart_type and cart_type["pulse_reset_after_write"] is True)):
			self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"This cartridge type requires at least firmware version L2.", "abortable":False})
			return False
		# Firmware check L2
		# Firmware check L3
		if (self.FW["fw_ver"] < 3 and ("command_set" in cart_type and cart_type["command_set"] == "SHARP") and ("buffer_write" in cart_type["commands"])):
			print("{:s}Note: Update your {:s} firmware to version L3 or higher for a better transfer rate with this cartridge.{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, self.DEVICE_NAME, ANSI.RESET))
			del(cart_type["commands"]["buffer_write"])
		# Firmware check L3
		# Firmware check L5
		if (self.FW["fw_ver"] < 5 and ("flash_commands_on_bank_1" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_commands_on_bank_1"] is True)):
			self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"This cartridge type requires at least firmware version L5.", "abortable":False})
			return False
		if (self.FW["fw_ver"] < 5 and ("double_die" in cart_type and cart_type["double_die"] is True)):
			print("{:s}Note: Update your {:s} firmware to version L5 or higher for a better transfer rate with this cartridge.{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, self.DEVICE_NAME, ANSI.RESET))
			del(cart_type["commands"]["buffer_write"])
		# Firmware check L5
		# Firmware check L8
		if (self.FW["fw_ver"] < 8 and "enable_pullups" in cart_type and cart_type["enable_pullups"] is True):
			print("{:s}Note: This cartridge may not be fully compatible with your {:s} device running an old or legacy firmware version.{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, self.GetName(), ANSI.RESET))
			del(cart_type["enable_pullups"])
		# Firmware check L8
		# Firmware check L12
		if (self.FW["fw_ver"] < 12 and "set_irq_high" in cart_type and cart_type["set_irq_high"] is True):
			print("{:s}Note: This cartridge may not be fully compatible with your {:s} device until updated to a newer firmware version.{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, self.GetName(), ANSI.RESET))
			del(cart_type["set_irq_high"])
		if (self.FW["fw_ver"] < 12 and "status_register_mask" in cart_type):
			if self.FW["pcb_name"] in ("GBxCart RW", ""):
				self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"This cartridge type requires a different firmware version. Please update your GBxCart RW firmware using the older FlashGBX v4.3 and try again.", "abortable":False})
			else:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"This cartridge type requires at least firmware version L12.", "abortable":False})
			return False
		# Firmware check L12
		# Firmware check L14
		if (self.FW["fw_ver"] < 14 and "set_audio_high" in cart_type and cart_type["set_audio_high"] is True):
			self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"This cartridge type requires at least firmware version L14.", "abortable":False})
			return False
		# Firmware check L14

		# Ensure cart is powered
		if self.CanPowerCycleCart(): self.CartPowerOn()

		cart_type["_index"] = 0
		for i in range(0, len(list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS[self.MODE].keys()))):
			if i == args["cart_type"]:
				try:
					cart_type["_index"] = cart_type["names"].index(list(self.SUPPORTED_CARTS[self.MODE].keys())[i])
				except:
					pass
		
		fc_fncptr = {
			"cart_write_fncptr":self._cart_write,
			"cart_write_fast_fncptr":self._cart_write_flash,
			"cart_read_fncptr":self.ReadROM,
			"cart_powercycle_fncptr":self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect,
			"progress_fncptr":self.SetProgress,
			"set_we_pin_wr":self._set_we_pin_wr,
			"set_we_pin_audio":self._set_we_pin_audio,
		}
		if cart_type["command_set"] == "GBMEMORY":
			flashcart = Flashcart_DMG_MMSA(config=cart_type, fncptr=fc_fncptr)
		elif cart_type["command_set"] == "GBAMP":
			flashcart = Flashcart_AGB_GBAMP(config=cart_type, fncptr=fc_fncptr)
		elif cart_type["command_set"] == "BUNG_16M":
			flashcart = Flashcart_DMG_BUNG_16M(config=cart_type, fncptr=fc_fncptr)
		else:
			flashcart = Flashcart(config=cart_type, fncptr=fc_fncptr)
		
		rumble = "rumble" in flashcart.CONFIG and flashcart.CONFIG["rumble"] is True

		# ↓↓↓ Set Voltage
		if args["override_voltage"] is not False:
			if args["override_voltage"] == 5:
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_5V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			else:
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_3_3V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
		elif flashcart.GetVoltage() == 3.3:
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_3_3V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
		elif flashcart.GetVoltage() == 5:
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_VOLTAGE_5V"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
		# ↑↑↑ Set Voltage

		# ↓↓↓ Pad data for full chip erase on sector erase mode
		if not flashcart.SupportsChipErase() and flashcart.SupportsSectorErase() and args["prefer_chip_erase"]:
			print("{:s}Note: Chip erase mode is not supported for this flash cartridge type. Sector erase mode will be used.{:s}\n".format(ANSI.YELLOW, ANSI.RESET))
			# Pad data if the user wants to erase the entire cartridge
			if data_import == bytearray([0xFF] * len(data_import)):
				flash_size = flashcart.GetFlashSize()
				if flash_size is not False and len(data_import) < flash_size:
					# Pad with FF till the end (with MemoryError fix)
					pad_len = flash_size - len(data_import)
					while pad_len > 0x2000000:
						data_import += bytearray([0xFF] * 0x2000000)
						pad_len -= 0x2000000
					data_import += bytearray([0xFF] * (flash_size - len(data_import)))
		# ↑↑↑ Pad data for full chip erase on sector erase mode

		# ↓↓↓ Flashcart configuration
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 8:
			if "enable_pullups" in cart_type:
				if cart_type["enable_pullups"] is True:
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["ENABLE_PULLUPS"], wait=True)
					dprint("Pullups enabled")
				else:
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DISABLE_PULLUPS"], wait=True)
					dprint("Pullups disabled")
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
			if self.MODE == "DMG":
				# Joey Jr bug workaround
				enable_pullup_wr = 2 if (("enable_pullup_wr" in cart_type and cart_type["enable_pullup_wr"] is True) or ("force_wr_pullup" in args and args["force_wr_pullup"] is True)) else 0
				self._set_fw_variable("PULLUPS_ENABLED", enable_pullup_wr)
			elif self.MODE == "AGB":
				self._set_fw_variable("AGB_IRQ_ENABLED", 1 if "set_irq_high" in cart_type else 0)

		_mbc = None
		errmsg_mbc_selection = ""
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_DMG"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			mbc = flashcart.GetMBC()
			if mbc is not False and isinstance(mbc, int):
				args["mbc"] = mbc
				dprint("Using forced mapper type 0x{:02X} for flashing".format(mbc))
			elif mbc == "manual":
				dprint("Using manually selected mapper type 0x{:02X} for flashing".format(args["mbc"]))
			else:
				args["mbc"] = 0
				dprint("Using default mapper type 0x{:02X} for flashing".format(args["mbc"]))
			if args["mbc"] == 0: args["mbc"] = 0x19 # MBC5 default

			if not self.IsSupportedMbc(args["mbc"]):
				msg = "This cartridge uses a mapper that is not supported by {:s} using your {:s} device.".format(Util.APPNAME, self.GetFullName())
				self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":msg, "abortable":False})
				return False
			
			_mbc = DMG_MBC().GetInstance(args=args, cart_write_fncptr=self._cart_write, cart_read_fncptr=self._cart_read, cart_powercycle_fncptr=self.CartPowerCycleOrAskReconnect, clk_toggle_fncptr=self._clk_toggle)

			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_PULSE_RESET", 1 if flashcart.PulseResetAfterWrite() else 0)

			end_bank = math.ceil(len(data_import) / _mbc.GetROMBankSize())
			rom_bank_size = _mbc.GetROMBankSize()

			_mbc.EnableMapper()

			if flashcart.GetMBC() == "manual":
				errmsg_mbc_selection += "\n- Check mapper type used: {:s} (manual selection)".format(_mbc.GetName())
			else:
				errmsg_mbc_selection += "\n- Check mapper type used: {:s} (forced by selected cartridge type)".format(_mbc.GetName())
			if len(data_import) > _mbc.GetMaxROMSize():
				errmsg_mbc_selection += "\n- Check mapper type ROM size limit: likely up to {:s}".format(Util.formatFileSize(size=_mbc.GetMaxROMSize()))

		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_AGB"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
			if flashcart and "flash_bank_size" in cart_type:
				end_bank = math.ceil(len(data_import) / cart_type["flash_bank_size"])
			else:
				end_bank = 1
			if flashcart and "flash_bank_size" in cart_type:
				rom_bank_size = cart_type["flash_bank_size"]
			else:
				rom_bank_size = 0x2000000
		
		flash_buffer_size = flashcart.GetBufferSize()
		# ↑↑↑ Flashcart configuration

		# ↓↓↓ DMG-MMSA-JPN hidden sector
		if self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.GetName() == "G-MMC1":
			if "buffer_map" not in args:
				if os.path.exists(os.path.splitext(args["path"])[0] + ".map"):
					with open(os.path.splitext(args["path"])[0] + ".map", "rb") as file: args["buffer_map"] = file.read()
				else:
					temp = data_import
					if len(temp) == 0: temp = bytearray([0xFF] * 0x180)
					try:
						gbmem = GBMemoryMap(rom=temp, oldmap=_mbc.ReadHiddenSector())
						args["buffer_map"] = gbmem.GetMapData()
					except Exception:
						print(traceback.format_exc())
						print("{:s}An error occured while trying to generate the hidden sector data for the NP GB-Memory cartridge.{:s}".format(ANSI.RED, ANSI.RESET))
						args["buffer_map"] = False
					
					if args["buffer_map"] is False:
						self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"The NP GB-Memory Cartridge requires extra hidden sector data. As it couldn’t be auto-generated, please provide your own at the following path: {:s}".format(os.path.splitext(args["path"])[0] + ".map"), "abortable":False})
						return False
					else:
						dprint("Hidden sector data:", args["buffer_map"])
						if ".dev" in Util.VERSION_PEP440 or Util.DEBUG:
							with open(Util.CONFIG_PATH + "/debug_mmsa_map.bin", "wb") as f: f.write(args["buffer_map"])
			data_map_import = copy.copy(args["buffer_map"])
			data_map_import = bytearray(data_map_import)
			dprint("Hidden sector data loaded")
		# ↑↑↑ DMG-MMSA-JPN hidden sector

		# ↓↓↓ Load commands into firmware
		flash_cmds = []
		command_set_type = flashcart.GetCommandSetType()
		temp = 0
		if command_set_type == "AMD":
			temp = 0x01
			dprint("Using AMD command set")
		elif command_set_type == "INTEL":
			temp = 0x02
			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_SHARP_VERIFY_SR", 0)
			dprint("Using Intel command set")
		elif command_set_type == "SHARP":
			temp = 0x02
			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_SHARP_VERIFY_SR", 1)
			dprint("Using Sharp/Intel command set")
		elif command_set_type in ("GBMEMORY", "DMG-MBC5-32M-FLASH"):
			temp = 0x00
			dprint("Using GB-Memory command set")
		elif command_set_type in ("BLAZE_XPLODER", "DATEL_ORBITV2", "EEPROM", "GBAMP", "BUNG_16M"):
			temp = 0x00
		else:
			self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"This cartridge type is currently not supported for ROM flashing.", "abortable":False})
			return False
		
		if flashcart.HasDoubleDie() and self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 5:
			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_DOUBLE_DIE", 1)
		else:
			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_DOUBLE_DIE", 0)

		if command_set_type == "GBMEMORY" and self.FW["fw_ver"] < 2:
			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_WE_PIN", 0x01)
			dprint("Using legacy GB-Memory mode")
		elif command_set_type == "DMG-MBC5-32M-FLASH" and self.FW["fw_ver"] < 12:
			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_WE_PIN", 0x02)
		else:
			self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_FLASH_CMD"])
			self._write(temp)

			if flashcart.IsF2A():
				self._write(0x05) # FLASH_METHOD_AGB_FLASH2ADVANCE
				flash_cmds = [
					[ "SA", 0xE8 ],
					[ "SA", "BS" ],
					[ "PA", "PD" ],
					[ "SA", 0xD0 ],
					[ "SA", 0xFF ]
				]
				dprint("Using Flash2Advance mode with a buffer of {:d} bytes".format(flash_buffer_size))
			elif command_set_type == "GBMEMORY" and self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 2:
				self._write(0x03) # FLASH_METHOD_DMG_MMSA
				dprint("Using GB-Memory mode")
			elif command_set_type == "DATEL_ORBITV2" and self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
				self._write(0x09) # FLASH_METHOD_DMG_DATEL_ORBITV2
				dprint("Using Datel Orbit V2 mode")
			elif command_set_type == "DMG-MBC5-32M-FLASH" and self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
				self._write(0x0A) # FLASH_METHOD_DMG_E201264
				dprint("Using E201264 mode")
			elif command_set_type == "GBAMP" and self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
				self._write(0x0B) # FLASH_METHOD_AGB_GBAMP
				dprint("Using GBAMP mode")
			elif command_set_type == "BUNG_16M" and self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
				self._write(0x0C) # FLASH_METHOD_DMG_BUNG_16M
				dprint("Using BUNG Doctor GB Card 16M mode")
			elif flashcart.SupportsBufferWrite() and flash_buffer_size > 0:
				self._write(0x02) # FLASH_METHOD_BUFFERED
				flash_cmds = flashcart.GetCommands("buffer_write")
				dprint("Using buffered writing with a buffer of {:d} bytes".format(flash_buffer_size))
			elif flashcart.SupportsPageWrite() and flash_buffer_size > 0 and self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
				self._write(0x08) # FLASH_METHOD_PAGED
				flash_cmds = flashcart.GetCommands("page_write")
				dprint("Using paged writing with a buffer of {:d} bytes".format(flash_buffer_size))
			elif flashcart.SupportsSingleWrite():
				self._write(0x01) # FLASH_METHOD_UNBUFFERED
				flash_cmds = flashcart.GetCommands("single_write")
				dprint("Using single writing")
			else:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"This cartridge type is currently not supported for ROM writing.", "abortable":False})
				return False
			
			we = 0x00
			if flashcart.WEisWR():
				we = 0x01 # FLASH_WE_PIN_WR
				self._write(we)
				dprint("Using WR as WE")
			elif flashcart.WEisAUDIO():
				we = 0x02 # FLASH_WE_PIN_AUDIO
				self._write(we)
				dprint("Using AUDIO as WE")
			elif flashcart.WEisWR_RESET():
				we = 0x03 # FLASH_WE_PIN_WR_RESET
				self._write(we) # FLASH_WE_PIN_WR_RESET
				dprint("Using WR+RESET as WE")
			else:
				self._write(we) # unset
			
			for i in range(0, 6):
				if i > len(flash_cmds) - 1: # skip
					self._write(bytearray(struct.pack(">I", 0)) + bytearray(struct.pack(">H", 0)))
				else:
					address = flash_cmds[i][0]
					value = flash_cmds[i][1]
					if not isinstance(address, int): address = 0
					if not isinstance(value, int): value = 0
					if self.MODE == "AGB": address >>= 1
					dprint("Setting command #{:d} to 0x{:X}=0x{:X}".format(i, address, value))
					self._write(bytearray(struct.pack(">I", address)) + bytearray(struct.pack(">H", value)))
			if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12: self.wait_for_ack()

			if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 6:
				if "flash_commands_on_bank_1" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_commands_on_bank_1"] is True:
					self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_COMMANDS_BANK_1", 1)
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_SET_BANK_CHANGE_CMD"])
					if "bank_switch" in cart_type["commands"]:
						self._write(len(cart_type["commands"]["bank_switch"])) # number of commands
						for command in cart_type["commands"]["bank_switch"]:
							address = command[0]
							value = command[1]
							if value == "ID":
								self._write(bytearray(struct.pack(">I", address))) # address
								self._write(0) # type = address
							else:
								self._write(bytearray(struct.pack(">I", value))) # value
								self._write(1) # type = value
						ret = self._read(1)
						if ret != 0x01:
							print("Error in DMG_SET_BANK_CHANGE_CMD:", ret)
					else:
						self._write(0, wait=True)
				else:
					self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_COMMANDS_BANK_1", 0)
					self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_SET_BANK_CHANGE_CMD"])
					self._write(0, wait=True)
			else:
				if "flash_commands_on_bank_1" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_commands_on_bank_1"] is True:
					self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_COMMANDS_BANK_1", 1)
				else:
					self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_COMMANDS_BANK_1", 0)
			
			if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
				if "status_register_mask" in cart_type:
					self._set_fw_variable("STATUS_REGISTER_MASK", cart_type["status_register_mask"])
					self._set_fw_variable("STATUS_REGISTER_VALUE", cart_type["status_register_value"])
				else:
					self._set_fw_variable("STATUS_REGISTER_MASK", 0x80)
					self._set_fw_variable("STATUS_REGISTER_VALUE", 0x80)
		# ↑↑↑ Load commands into firmware

		# ↓↓↓ Preparations
		if self.MODE == "DMG" and "flash_commands_on_bank_1" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_commands_on_bank_1"] is True:
			dprint("Setting ROM bank 1")
			_mbc.SelectBankROM(1)
		if we != 0x00:
			self._set_fw_variable("FLASH_WE_PIN", we)
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 14 and "set_audio_high" in cart_type:
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_AUDIO_ENABLED", 1 if "set_audio_high" in cart_type else 0)
		# ↑↑↑ Preparations
		
		# ↓↓↓ Read Flash ID
		if "flash_ids" in cart_type:
			(verified, flash_id) = flashcart.VerifyFlashID()
			if not verified and not command_set_type == "BLAZE_XPLODER":
				print("{:s}Note: This cartridge’s Flash ID ({:s}) doesn’t match the cartridge type selection.{:s}".format(ANSI.YELLOW, ' '.join(format(x, '02X') for x in flash_id), ANSI.RESET))
		else:
			if flashcart.Unlock() is False: return False
		# ↑↑↑ Read Flash ID
		
		# ↓↓↓ Read Sector Map
		sector_map = flashcart.GetSectorMap()
		smallest_sector_size = 0x2000
		sector_offsets = []
		write_sectors = []
		verify_sectors = []
		sector_pos = 0
		delta_state_new = None
		flash_capacity = len(data_import)
		if sector_map is not None and sector_map is not False:
			smallest_sector_size = flashcart.GetSmallestSectorSize()
			sector_offsets = flashcart.GetSectorOffsets(rom_size=flashcart.GetFlashSize(default=len(data_import)), rom_bank_size=rom_bank_size)
			if len(sector_offsets) > 0:
				flash_capacity = sector_offsets[-1][0] + sector_offsets[-1][1]
				if flash_capacity < len(data_import) and not (flashcart.SupportsChipErase() and args["prefer_chip_erase"]):
					sector_offsets = flashcart.GetSectorOffsets(rom_size=len(data_import), rom_bank_size=rom_bank_size)

			sector_offsets_hash = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(hashlib.sha1(str(sector_offsets).encode("UTF-8")).digest()).decode("ASCII", "ignore")[:4]

			# Delta flashing
			if len(sector_offsets) > 1:
				splitext = os.path.splitext(args["path"])
				if splitext[0].endswith(".delta") and os.path.exists(splitext[0][:-6] + splitext[1]):
					delta_state_new = []
					with open(splitext[0][:-6] + splitext[1], "rb") as f:
						for i in range(0, len(sector_offsets)):
							s_from = sector_offsets[i][0]
							s_size = sector_offsets[i][1]
							s_to = s_from + s_size
							if data_import[s_from:s_to] != f.read(s_to - s_from):
								x = [ s_from, s_size, zlib.crc32(data_import[s_from:s_to]) & 0xFFFFFFFF ]
								delta_state_new.append(x)
								dprint("Sector differs:", x)
					write_sectors = copy.copy(delta_state_new)
					json_file = "{:s}_{:s}.json".format(splitext[0], sector_offsets_hash)
					if os.path.exists(json_file):
						with open(json_file, "rb") as f:
							try:
								delta_state_old = json.loads(f.read().decode("UTF-8-SIG"))
							except:
								delta_state_old = []
							if len(delta_state_old) > 0:
								for x in delta_state_old:
									if x in write_sectors:
										del(write_sectors[write_sectors.index(x)])
										dprint("Skipping sector:", x)
									else:
										write_sectors2 = []
										for y in write_sectors: write_sectors2.append(y[:-1])
										if x[:-1] not in write_sectors2:
											write_sectors.append(x)
											dprint("Forcing sector:", x)
					
					if len(write_sectors) == 0:
						self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"No flash sectors were found that would need to be updated for delta flashing.", "abortable":False})
						return False

				elif "flash_sectors" in args and len(args["flash_sectors"]) > 0:
					write_sectors = args["flash_sectors"]

				elif flash_offset > 0: # Batteryless SRAM
					if "flash_size" not in args:
						flash_size = len(data_import) - flash_offset
					else:
						flash_size = args["flash_size"]
						data_import = data_import[:flash_size]
					bl_sectors = []
					for sector in sector_offsets:
						if flash_offset > sector[0]: continue
						if (flash_offset + flash_size) < sector[0]: break
						bl_sectors.append(sector)
					write_sectors = bl_sectors
					if "bl_save" in args:
						data_import = bytearray([0] * bl_sectors[0][0]) + data_import
				else:
					write_sectors = []
					for item in sector_offsets:
						if item[0] < len(data_import):
							write_sectors.append(item)

			dprint("Sectors to update:", write_sectors)
		# ↑↑↑ Read Sector Map

		# ↓↓↓ Chip erase
		chip_erase = False
		if flashcart.SupportsChipErase() and not flash_offset > 0:
			if flashcart.SupportsSectorErase() and args["prefer_chip_erase"] is False and sector_map is not False:
				chip_erase = False
			else:
				chip_erase = True
				dprint("Erasing the entire flash chip")
				if flashcart.ChipErase() is False:
					return False
		elif flashcart.SupportsSectorErase() is False:
			self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"No erase method available.", "abortable":False})
			return False
		# ↑↑↑ Chip erase

		# ↓↓↓ Flash Write
		if chip_erase:
			write_sectors = [[ 0, len(data_import) ]]
			for i in range(0, len(data_import), 0x20000):
				verify_sectors.append([i, 0x20000])
		elif len(write_sectors) == 0:
			write_sectors = sector_offsets
		
		if not "photo_mode" in args:
			self.SetProgress({"action":"INITIALIZE", "method":"ROM_WRITE", "size":len(data_import), "flash_offset":flash_offset, "sector_count":len(write_sectors)})
			self.INFO["action"] = self.ACTIONS["ROM_WRITE"]
		self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":flash_offset})
		
		if smallest_sector_size is not False:
			buffer_len = smallest_sector_size
		elif self.MODE == "DMG":
			buffer_len = _mbc.GetROMBankSize()
			if _mbc.HasFlashBanks(): _mbc.SelectBankFlash(0)
		else:
			buffer_len = 0x2000
		dprint("Transfer buffer length is 0x{:X}".format(buffer_len))
		
		current_bank = 0
		start_bank = 0
		start_address = 0
		buffer_pos = 0
		retry_hp = 0
		end_address = len(data_import)
		dprint("ROM banks:", end_bank)

		if len(write_sectors) == 0:
			self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"Coulnd’t start writing ROM because the flash cart couldn’t be detected properly.", "abortable":False})
			return False

		for sector in write_sectors:
			if chip_erase is False:
				if retry_hp == 0:
					retry_hp = 15 # First sector
				else:
					retry_hp = 100 # Other sectors
				
				if self.MODE == "AGB":
					dprint("Writing sector:", hex(sector[0]), hex(sector[1]))
					buffer_pos = sector[0]
					start_address = buffer_pos
					end_address = sector[0] + sector[1]
					if sector[:2] not in sector_offsets:
						dprint("Sector not found for delta writing:", sector)
						continue
					sector_pos = sector_offsets.index(sector[:2])
					start_bank = math.floor(buffer_pos / rom_bank_size)
					end_bank = math.ceil((buffer_pos + sector[1]) / rom_bank_size)
				elif self.MODE == "DMG":
					dprint("Writing sector:", hex(sector[0]), hex(sector[1]))
					buffer_pos = sector[0]
					#end_address = sector[0] + sector[1]
					if sector[:2] not in sector_offsets:
						print("Sector not found for delta writing:", sector)
						continue
					sector_pos = sector_offsets.index(sector[:2])
					start_bank = math.floor(buffer_pos / rom_bank_size)
					end_bank = math.ceil((buffer_pos + sector[1]) / rom_bank_size)
			
			bank = start_bank
			
			# ↓↓↓ Check if data matches already
			if not chip_erase and self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12 and "compare_sectors" in args and args["compare_sectors"] is True and not (flashcart and cart_type["command_set"] == "GBAMP"):
				buffer_pos_matchcheck = buffer_pos
				verified = False
				ts_se_start = time.time()
				while bank < end_bank:
					status = None
					# ↓↓↓ Switch ROM bank
					if self.MODE == "DMG":
						if _mbc.ResetBeforeBankChange(bank) is True:
							dprint("Resetting the MBC")
							self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
						(start_address, bank_size) = _mbc.SelectBankROM(bank)
						if flashcart.PulseResetAfterWrite():
							if bank == 0:
								if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 2:
									self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["OFW_GB_CART_MODE"])
								else:
									self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_DMG"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
								self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
						self._set_fw_variable("DMG_ROM_BANK", bank)
						
						buffer_len = min(buffer_len, bank_size)
						if "start_addr" in flashcart.CONFIG and bank == 0: start_address = flashcart.CONFIG["start_addr"]
						end_address = start_address + bank_size
						start_address += (buffer_pos % rom_bank_size)
						if end_address > start_address + sector[1]:
							end_address = start_address + sector[1]

					elif self.MODE == "AGB":
						if "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] > 0:
							if bank != current_bank:
								flashcart.Reset(full_reset=True)
								flashcart.SelectBankROM(bank)
								temp = end_address - start_address
								start_address %= cart_type["flash_bank_size"]
								end_address = min(cart_type["flash_bank_size"], start_address + temp)
								current_bank = bank
					# ↑↑↑ Switch ROM bank

					pos = start_address
					#dprint("pos=0x{:X}, buffer_pos=0x{:X}, start_address=0x{:X}, end_address=0x{:X}".format(pos, buffer_pos_matchcheck, start_address, end_address))
					verified = self.CompareCRC32(buffer=data_import, offset=buffer_pos_matchcheck, length=end_address - pos, address=pos, flashcart=flashcart, reset=True, mbc=_mbc, bank=bank)
					self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":buffer_pos_matchcheck})
					if verified is not True:
						break
					buffer_pos_matchcheck += (end_address - pos)
					bank += 1

				if verified is True:
					dprint("Skipping sector #{:d}, because the CRC32 matched".format(sector_pos))
					if flashcart.FlashCommandsOnBank1(): _mbc.SelectBankROM(bank)
					self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = True
					se_ret = flashcart.SectorErase(pos=pos, buffer_pos=buffer_pos, skip=verified)
					self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = False
					
					if self.CANCEL:
						cancel_args = {"action":"ABORT", "abortable":False}
						cancel_args.update(self.CANCEL_ARGS)
						self.CANCEL_ARGS = {}
						self.ERROR_ARGS = {}
						self.SetProgress(cancel_args)
						if self.CanPowerCycleCart(): self.CartPowerCycle()
						return
					
					ts_se_elapsed = time.time() - ts_se_start
					if se_ret:
						sector_size = se_ret
						dprint("Next sector size: 0x{:X}".format(sector_size))
					buffer_pos += sector_size
					continue
				else:
					verified = False
					bank = start_bank
			# ↑↑↑ Check if data matches already
			
			while bank < end_bank:
				if self.CANCEL:
					cancel_args = {"action":"ABORT", "abortable":False}
					cancel_args.update(self.CANCEL_ARGS)
					self.CANCEL_ARGS = {}
					self.ERROR_ARGS = {}
					self.SetProgress(cancel_args)
					if self.CanPowerCycleCart(): self.CartPowerCycle()
					return
				
				status = None
				# ↓↓↓ Switch ROM bank
				if self.MODE == "DMG":
					if _mbc.ResetBeforeBankChange(bank) is True:
						dprint("Resetting the MBC")
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
					(start_address, bank_size) = _mbc.SelectBankROM(bank)
					if flashcart.PulseResetAfterWrite():
						if bank == 0:
							if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 2:
								self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["OFW_GB_CART_MODE"])
							else:
								self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_DMG"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
							self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
					self._set_fw_variable("DMG_ROM_BANK", bank)
					
					buffer_len = min(buffer_len, bank_size)
					if "start_addr" in flashcart.CONFIG and bank == 0: start_address = flashcart.CONFIG["start_addr"]
					end_address = start_address + bank_size
					start_address += (buffer_pos % rom_bank_size)
					if end_address > start_address + sector[1]:
						end_address = start_address + sector[1]

				elif self.MODE == "AGB":
					if "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] > 0:
						if bank != current_bank:
							flashcart.Reset(full_reset=True)
							flashcart.SelectBankROM(bank)
							temp = end_address - start_address
							start_address %= cart_type["flash_bank_size"]
							end_address = min(cart_type["flash_bank_size"], start_address + temp)
							current_bank = bank
				# ↑↑↑ Switch ROM bank

				skip_init = False
				pos = start_address
				dprint("buffer_pos=0x{:X}, start_address=0x{:X}, end_address=0x{:X}".format(buffer_pos, start_address, end_address))
				
				while pos < end_address:
					if self.CANCEL:
						cancel_args = {"action":"ABORT", "abortable":False}
						cancel_args.update(self.CANCEL_ARGS)
						self.CANCEL_ARGS = {}
						self.ERROR_ARGS = {}
						self.SetProgress(cancel_args)
						if self.CanPowerCycleCart(): self.CartPowerCycle()
						return
					
					if buffer_pos >= len(data_import): break

					# ↓↓↓ Sector erase
					se_ret = None
					if chip_erase is False:
						if sector_pos < len(sector_offsets) and buffer_pos == sector_offsets[sector_pos][0]:
							ts_se_start = time.time()
							dprint("Erasing sector #{:d} at position 0x{:X} (0x{:X})".format(sector_pos, buffer_pos, pos))
							self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":buffer_pos, "force_update":True})
							if self.CanPowerCycleCart(): self.CartPowerOn()
							
							sector_pos += 1
							if flashcart.FlashCommandsOnBank1(): _mbc.SelectBankROM(bank)
							self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = True
							se_ret = flashcart.SectorErase(pos=pos, buffer_pos=buffer_pos, skip=False)
							self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = False
							if "from_user" in self.CANCEL_ARGS and self.CANCEL_ARGS["from_user"]:
								continue
							if sector not in verify_sectors:
								verify_sectors.append(sector)
							
							ts_se_elapsed = time.time() - ts_se_start
							if se_ret:
								self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":buffer_pos, "sector_pos":sector_pos, "sector_erase_time":ts_se_elapsed, "force_update":True})
								sector_size = se_ret
								dprint("Next sector size: 0x{:X}".format(sector_size))
							skip_init = False
					# ↑↑↑ Sector erase
					
					if se_ret is not False:
						if command_set_type == "GBMEMORY" and self.FW["fw_ver"] < 2:
							status = self.WriteROM_GBMEMORY(address=pos, buffer=data_import[buffer_pos:buffer_pos+buffer_len], bank=bank)
						elif command_set_type == "GBMEMORY" and self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 2:
							status = self.WriteROM(address=pos, buffer=data_import[buffer_pos:buffer_pos+buffer_len], flash_buffer_size=flash_buffer_size, skip_init=(skip_init and not self.SKIPPING))
						elif command_set_type == "DMG-MBC5-32M-FLASH" and self.FW["fw_ver"] < 12:
							status = self.WriteROM_DMG_MBC5_32M_FLASH(address=pos, buffer=data_import[buffer_pos:buffer_pos+buffer_len], bank=bank)
						elif command_set_type == "EEPROM":
							status = self.WriteROM_DMG_EEPROM(address=pos, buffer=data_import[buffer_pos:buffer_pos+buffer_len], bank=bank, eeprom_buffer_size=256)
						elif command_set_type == "BLAZE_XPLODER":
							status = self.WriteROM_DMG_EEPROM(address=pos, buffer=data_import[buffer_pos:buffer_pos+buffer_len], bank=bank)
						elif command_set_type == "DATEL_ORBITV2" and self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
							status = self.WriteROM(address=(pos | (bank << 24)), buffer=data_import[buffer_pos:buffer_pos+buffer_len], flash_buffer_size=flash_buffer_size, skip_init=(skip_init and not self.SKIPPING))
						elif command_set_type == "DATEL_ORBITV2" and self.FW["fw_ver"] < 12:
							status = self.WriteROM_DMG_DatelOrbitV2(address=pos, buffer=data_import[buffer_pos:buffer_pos+buffer_len], bank=bank)
						else:
							max_buffer_write = self.MAX_BUFFER_WRITE
							if (len(data_import) == 0x1FFFF00) and (buffer_pos+buffer_len > len(data_import)):
								# 32 MiB ROM + EEPROM cart
								max_buffer_write = 256
								buffer_len = (buffer_pos+buffer_len - len(data_import))
							status = self.WriteROM(address=pos, buffer=data_import[buffer_pos:buffer_pos+buffer_len], flash_buffer_size=flash_buffer_size, skip_init=(skip_init and not self.SKIPPING), rumble_stop=rumble, max_length=max_buffer_write)
					
					if status is False or se_ret is False:
						self.CANCEL = True
						self.ERROR = True
						sr = "Unknown"
						if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
							if se_ret is False:
								sr = flashcart.LAST_SR
								if isinstance(sr, int):
									if sr < 0x100:
										sr = f"0x{sr:02X} ({sr>>4:04b} {sr&0xF:04b})"
									else:
										sr = f"0x{sr:04X} ({sr>>8:08b} {sr&0xFF:08b})"
							else:
								lives = 3
								while lives > 0:
									dprint("Retrieving last status register value...")
									self.DEVICE.reset_input_buffer()
									self.DEVICE.reset_output_buffer()
									sr = self._get_fw_variable("STATUS_REGISTER")
									if sr not in (False, None):
										if sr < 0x100:
											sr = f"0x{sr:02X} ({sr>>4:04b} {sr&0xF:04b})"
										else:
											sr = f"0x{sr:04X} ({sr>>8:08b} {sr&0xFF:08b})"
										break
									dprint("Erroneous response:", sr)
									lives -= 1
								if lives == 0:
									sr = "Timeout"
						dprint("Last status register value:", sr)

						if "from_user" in self.CANCEL_ARGS and self.CANCEL_ARGS["from_user"]:
							break
						elif not self.DEVICE.is_open or self.DEVICE is None:
							self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"An error occured while writing 0x{:X} bytes at position 0x{:X} ({:s}). Please re-connect the device and try again from the beginning.\n\nTroubleshooting advice:\n- Clean cartridge contacts\n- Check soldering if it’s a DIY cartridge\n- Avoid passive USB hubs and try different USB ports/cables\n- Check cartridge type selection{:s}\n\nStatus Register: {:s}".format(buffer_len, buffer_pos, Util.formatFileSize(size=buffer_pos, asInt=False), errmsg_mbc_selection, sr)})
							break
						else:
							if chip_erase: retry_hp = 0
							if "iteration" in self.ERROR_ARGS and self.ERROR_ARGS["iteration"] > 0:
								retry_hp -= 5
								if retry_hp <= 0:
									self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"Unstable connection detected while writing 0x{:X} bytes in iteration {:d} at position 0x{:X} ({:s}). Please re-connect the device and try again from the beginning.\n\nTroubleshooting advice:\n- Clean cartridge contacts\n- Check soldering if it’s a DIY cartridge\n- Avoid passive USB hubs and try different USB ports/cables\n\nStatus Register: {:s}".format(buffer_len, self.ERROR_ARGS["iteration"], buffer_pos, Util.formatFileSize(size=buffer_pos, asInt=False), sr)})
									continue
							else:
								retry_hp -= 10
								if retry_hp <= 0:
									enable_pullup_wr_str = " (+ WR pullup)" if enable_pullup_wr == 2 else ""
									self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"An error occured while writing 0x{:X} bytes at position 0x{:X} ({:s}). Please re-connect the device and try again from the beginning.\n\nTroubleshooting advice:\n- Clean cartridge contacts\n- Check soldering if it’s a DIY cartridge\n- Avoid passive USB hubs and try different USB ports/cables\n- Check cartridge type selection\n- Check cartridge ROM storage size (at least {:s} is required){:s}\n- Check cartridge profile used: {:s}{:s}\n- The cartridge may also be incompatible with your “{:s}” device\n\nStatus Register: {:s}".format(buffer_len, buffer_pos, Util.formatFileSize(size=buffer_pos, asInt=False), Util.formatFileSize(size=len(data_import), asInt=False), errmsg_mbc_selection, cart_name, enable_pullup_wr_str, self.GetFullNameLabel(), sr), "abortable":False})
									continue

							rev_buffer_pos = sector_offsets[sector_pos - 1][0]
							buffer_pos = rev_buffer_pos
							bank = start_bank
							sector_pos -= 1
							err_text = "Write error! Retrying from 0x{:X}...".format(rev_buffer_pos)
							print("{:s}{:s}{:s}".format(ANSI.RED, err_text, ANSI.RESET))
							dprint(err_text, "Bank {:d} | HP: {:d}/100".format(bank, retry_hp))
							pos = end_address
							status = False

							self.SetProgress({"action":"ERROR", "abortable":True, "pos":buffer_pos, "text":err_text})
							delay = 0.5 # + (100-retry_hp)/100
							if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
								self.CartPowerOff()
								time.sleep(delay)
								self.CartPowerOn()
								if self.MODE == "DMG" and _mbc.HasFlashBanks(): _mbc.SelectBankFlash(bank)
							time.sleep(delay)
							if self.DEVICE is None:
								raise ConnectionAbortedError("A critical connection error occured while writing 0x{:X} bytes at position 0x{:X} ({:s}). Please re-connect the device and try again from the beginning.".format(buffer_len, buffer_pos, Util.formatFileSize(size=buffer_pos, asInt=False)))

							self.ERROR = False
							if "from_user" in self.CANCEL_ARGS and self.CANCEL_ARGS["from_user"]:
								self.CANCEL_ARGS.update({"info_type":"msgbox_warning", "info_msg":"The erroneous process has been stopped.", "abortable":False})
								break
							self.CANCEL = False
							self.CANCEL_ARGS = {}
							self.DEVICE.reset_input_buffer()
							self.DEVICE.reset_output_buffer()
							self._cart_write(pos, 0xF0)
							self._cart_write(pos, 0xFF)
							if flashcart.Unlock() is False: return False
							continue
					
					skip_init = True
					
					buffer_pos += buffer_len
					pos += buffer_len
					self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":buffer_pos})
				
				if status is not False:
					bank += 1

		self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":len(data_import), "force_update":True})
		# ↑↑↑ Flash write
		
		# ↓↓↓ GB-Memory Hidden Sector
		if command_set_type == "GBMEMORY":
			if flashcart.EraseHiddenSector(buffer=data_map_import) is False:
				return False
			status = self.WriteROM_GBMEMORY(address=0, buffer=data_map_import[0:128], bank=1)
			if status is False:
				self.SetProgress({"action":"ABORT", "info_type":"msgbox_critical", "info_msg":"An error occured while writing the hidden sector. Please make sure that the cartridge contacts are clean, re-connect the device and try again from the beginning.", "abortable":False})
				return False
		# ↑↑↑ GB-Memory Hidden Sector
		
		# ↓↓↓ Reset flash
		flashcart.Reset(full_reset=True)
		if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 14 and "set_audio_high" in cart_type:
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_AUDIO_ENABLED", 0)
		# ↑↑↑ Reset flash

		# ↓↓↓ Flash verify
		verified = False
		crc32_errors = 0
		if "broken_sectors" in self.INFO: del(self.INFO["broken_sectors"])
		if "verify_write" in args and args["verify_write"] is True:
			self.SetProgress({"action":"INITIALIZE", "method":"ROM_WRITE_VERIFY", "size":len(data_import), "flash_offset":flash_offset})
			if ".dev" in Util.VERSION_PEP440 or Util.DEBUG:
				with open(Util.CONFIG_PATH + "/debug_verify.bin", "wb") as f: pass
			
			current_bank = None
			broken_sectors = []
			
			for sector in verify_sectors:
				if self.CANCEL:
					cancel_args = {"action":"ABORT", "abortable":False}
					cancel_args.update(self.CANCEL_ARGS)
					self.CANCEL_ARGS = {}
					self.ERROR_ARGS = {}
					self.SetProgress(cancel_args)
					if self.CanPowerCycleCart(): self.CartPowerCycle()
					return

				if sector[0] >= len(data_import): break

				verified = False
				if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 10 and not (flashcart and cart_type["command_set"] == "GBAMP"):
					if self.MODE == "AGB":
						dprint("Verifying sector:", hex(sector[0]), hex(sector[1]))
						buffer_pos = sector[0]
						start_address = buffer_pos
						end_address = sector[0] + sector[1]
						if not chip_erase:
							sector_pos = sector_offsets.index(sector[:2])
						else:
							sector_pos = 0
						start_bank = math.floor(buffer_pos / rom_bank_size)
						end_bank = math.ceil((buffer_pos + sector[1]) / rom_bank_size)
					elif self.MODE == "DMG":
						dprint("Verifying sector:", hex(sector[0]), hex(sector[1]))
						buffer_pos = sector[0]
						if not chip_erase:
							sector_pos = sector_offsets.index(sector[:2])
						else:
							sector_pos = 0
						start_bank = math.floor(buffer_pos / rom_bank_size)
						end_bank = math.ceil((buffer_pos + sector[1]) / rom_bank_size)

					bank = start_bank
					while bank < end_bank:
						# ↓↓↓ Switch ROM bank
						if self.MODE == "DMG":
							if _mbc.ResetBeforeBankChange(bank) is True:
								dprint("Resetting the MBC")
								self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
							(start_address, bank_size) = _mbc.SelectBankROM(bank)
							verify_len = bank_size
							if flashcart.PulseResetAfterWrite():
								if bank == 0:
									if self.FW["fw_ver"] < 2:
										self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["OFW_GB_CART_MODE"])
									else:
										self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["SET_MODE_DMG"], wait=self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12)
									self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
							self._set_fw_variable("DMG_ROM_BANK", bank)
							
							buffer_len = min(buffer_len, bank_size)
							if "start_addr" in flashcart.CONFIG and bank == 0: start_address = flashcart.CONFIG["start_addr"]
							end_address = start_address + bank_size
							start_address += (buffer_pos % rom_bank_size)
							if end_address > start_address + sector[1]:
								end_address = start_address + sector[1]
							pos_from = (bank * start_address)

						elif self.MODE == "AGB":
							if "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] > 0:
								if bank != current_bank:
									flashcart.Reset(full_reset=True)
									flashcart.SelectBankROM(bank)
									temp = end_address - start_address
									start_address %= cart_type["flash_bank_size"]
									end_address = min(cart_type["flash_bank_size"], start_address + temp)
									current_bank = bank
							verify_len = sector[1]
							pos_from = sector[0]
						# ↑↑↑ Switch ROM bank
						
						dprint(f"Verifying ROM bank #{bank} at 0x{pos_from:x} (physical 0x{start_address:X}, 0x{verify_len:X} bytes)")
						
						verified = False
						if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12 and sector[1] >= verify_len and crc32_errors < 5:
							verified = self.CompareCRC32(buffer=data_import, offset=pos_from, length=verify_len, address=start_address, flashcart=flashcart, reset=False, mbc=_mbc, bank=bank)
							if verified is True:
								dprint("CRC32 verification successful between 0x{:X} and 0x{:X}".format(pos_from, verify_len))
								self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":pos_from + verify_len})
							elif verified is not True and len(verified) == 2:
								crc32_errors += 1
								dprint("Mismatch during CRC32 verification at 0x{:X}".format(pos_from), "Errors:", crc32_errors)
								verified = False
								break

							if verified is False: break

						else:
							self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":buffer_pos})

						bank += 1
				
				if not verified:
					verify_args = copy.copy(args)
					verify_args.update({"verify_write":data_import[sector[0]:sector[0]+sector[1]], "rom_size":len(data_import), "verify_from":sector[0], "path":"", "rtc_area":flashcart.HasRTC(), "verify_mbc":_mbc})
					verify_args["verify_base_pos"] = sector[0]
					verify_args["verify_len"] = len(verify_args["verify_write"])
					verify_args["rom_size"] = len(verify_args["verify_write"])

					self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = True
					self.ReadROM(0, 4) # dummy read
					self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = False
					start_address = 0
					end_address = buffer_pos

					verified_size = self._BackupROM(verify_args)
					if isinstance(verified_size, int): dprint("args[\"verify_len\"]=0x{:X}, verified_size=0x{:X}".format(verify_args["verify_len"], verified_size))
					if self.CANCEL or self.ERROR:
						cancel_args = {"action":"ABORT", "abortable":False}
						cancel_args.update(self.CANCEL_ARGS)
						self.CANCEL_ARGS = {}
						self.ERROR_ARGS = {}
						self.SetProgress(cancel_args)
						if self.CanPowerCycleCart(): self.CartPowerCycle()
						verified = False
						return
					elif (verified_size is not True) and (verify_args["verify_len"] != verified_size):
						if verified_size is None:
							print("{:s}Verification failed! Sector: {:s}{:s}".format(ANSI.RED, str(sector), ANSI.RESET))
						else:
							print("{:s}Verification failed at 0x{:X}! Sector: {:s}{:s}".format(ANSI.RED, sector[0]+verified_size, str(sector), ANSI.RESET))
						if sector not in broken_sectors:
							broken_sectors.append(sector)
						continue
					else:
						dprint("Verification between 0x{:X} and 0x{:X} successful by normal reading.".format(sector[0], sector[0]+sector[1]))
						verified = True
			
			self.SetProgress({"action":"UPDATE_POS", "pos":len(data_import), "force_update":True})
			if len(broken_sectors) > 0:
				self.INFO["broken_sectors"] = broken_sectors
				self.INFO["verify_error_params"] = {}
				self.INFO["verify_error_params"]["rom_size"] = len(data_import)
				if self.MODE == "DMG":
					self.INFO["verify_error_params"]["mapper_name"] = _mbc.GetName()
					if flashcart.GetMBC() == "manual":
						self.INFO["verify_error_params"]["mapper_selection_type"] = 1 # manual
					else:
						self.INFO["verify_error_params"]["mapper_selection_type"] = 2 # forced by cart type
					self.INFO["verify_error_params"]["mapper_max_size"] = _mbc.GetMaxROMSize()
				verified = False
		# ↑↑↑ Flash verify

		if delta_state_new is not None and not chip_erase and not "broken_sectors" in self.INFO:
			try:
				with open(json_file, "wb") as f:
					f.write(json.dumps(delta_state_new).encode("UTF-8-SIG"))
			except PermissionError:
				print("Error: Couldn’t update write-protected file “{:s}”".format(json_file))
		
		# ↓↓↓ Switch to first ROM bank
		if self.MODE == "DMG":
			if _mbc.ResetBeforeBankChange(0) is True:
				dprint("Resetting the MBC")
				self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["DMG_MBC_RESET"], wait=True)
			_mbc.SelectBankROM(0)
			self._set_fw_variable("DMG_ROM_BANK", 0)
		elif self.MODE == "AGB":
			if "flash_bank_select_type" in cart_type and cart_type["flash_bank_select_type"] > 0:
				flashcart.SelectBankROM(0)
		# ↑↑↑ Switch to first ROM bank
		
		self.SetMode(self.MODE)

		if not "photo_mode" in args:
			self.INFO["last_action"] = self.INFO["action"]
			self.INFO["action"] = None
			self.SetProgress({"action":"FINISHED", "verified":verified})
		return True
	
	#################################################################

	def TransferData(self, args, signal):
		self.ERROR = False
		self.CANCEL = False
		self.CANCEL_ARGS = {}
		self.READ_ERRORS = 0
		self.WRITE_ERRORS = 0
		_apot = 0

		if self.IsConnected():
			_apoe = False
			if self.CanPowerCycleCart():
				self.CartPowerOn()
				if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 12:
					_apoe = self._get_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_ENABLED") == 1
					if _apoe is True:
						_apot = self._get_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_TIME")
						self._set_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_TIME", 5000)
			
			ret = False
			self.SIGNAL = signal
			try:
				temp = copy.copy(args)
				if "buffer" in temp: temp["buffer"] = "(0x{:x} bytes of data)".format(len(temp["buffer"]))
				dprint("args:", temp)
				del(temp)
				self.NO_PROG_UPDATE = False
				if args['mode'] == 1: ret = self._BackupROM(args)
				elif args['mode'] == 2: ret = self._BackupRestoreRAM(args)
				elif args['mode'] == 3: ret = self._BackupRestoreRAM(args)
				elif args['mode'] == 4: ret = self._FlashROM(args)
				elif args['mode'] == 5: ret = self._DetectCartridge(args)
				elif args['mode'] == 0xFF: self.Debug()
				if self.FW is None: return False
				if self.FW["fw_ver"] >= 2 and self.FW["pcb_name"] == "GBxCart RW":
					if ret is True:
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["OFW_DONE_LED_ON"])
					elif self.ERROR is True:
						self._write(self.DEVICE_CMD["OFW_ERROR_LED_ON"])
				
			except serial.serialutil.SerialTimeoutException as _:
				print("Connection timed out. Please reconnect the device.")
				return False
			except serial.serialutil.PortNotOpenError as _:
				print("Connection closed.")
				return False

			if self.CanPowerCycleCart() and _apoe is True:
				self._set_fw_variable("AUTO_POWEROFF_TIME", _apot)
			
			return True
