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baseurl={http://www.bioconductor.org},%
pdftitle={Basic infrastructure for using oligonucleotide microarray reporter 
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pdfauthor={Wolfgang Huber and Robert Gentleman},%
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\bibliographystyle{plainnat} 

\begin{document}
\title{Creating probe packages}
\author{Wolfgang Huber and Robert Gentleman}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents

%------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Overview}
%------------------------------------------------------------
This document describes how to create a Bioconductor \textit{probe}
package from the reporter sequence information of a particular chip.
Probe packages are a convenient way for distributing and storing the 
probe sequences and related information. 

First, let us load the \Rpackage{AnnotationDbi} package.
%
<<startup,results=hide>>=
library("AnnotationDbi")
@


%------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{For Affymetrix genechips}\label{subsec.affy}
%------------------------------------------------------------
In this section we see how a probe package can be created for
Affymetrix genechips from the tabulator-separated sequence files that
can be obtained from the vendor (at
\url{http://www.affymetrix.com/support}). As an example, the file
\Rfile{HG-U95Av2\_probe\_tab.gz} is provided in the \Rfile{extdata}
subdirectory of the \Rpackage{AnnotationDbi} package.

<<makeprobepackage>>=
filename <- system.file("extdata", "HG-U95Av2_probe_tab.gz", 
                          package="AnnotationDbi")
outdir   <- tempdir()
me       <- "Wolfgang Huber <w.huber@dkfz.de>"
species  <- "Homo_sapiens"
makeProbePackage("HG-U95Av2",
                 datafile   = gzfile(filename, open="r"),
                 outdir     = outdir,
                 maintainer = me,
                 species    = species,
                 version    = "0.0.1", 
                 force      = TRUE)
dir(outdir)
@

%------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{For other chiptypes}\label{subsec.otherarraytypes}
%------------------------------------------------------------ 
To deal with different file formats and additional types of probe
annotation data from public or in-house databases, the function
\Rfunction{makeProbePackage} offers a great deal of flexibility. The
user can specify her own import function through the argument
\Robject{importfun}. By default, its value is
\Rfunction{getProbeDataAffy}, a function that reads tabular Affymetrix
genechip sequence files. Import functions for other types of arrays
can be adapted from this prototype.

The help pages and R code contained in the produced packages are
derived from a template directory that obeys the usual R package
conventions~\cite{RExt}. A prototype for such a directory is provided
within the package \Rpackage{AnnotationDbi}.  To facilitate the
automated production of large numbers of similar packages, we provide
a text substitution mechanism similar to the one used in the GNU
\Rfunction{configure} system.

The input parameters of an import function are
\begin{itemize}
\item a character string naming the array type
\item the input data files
\item a character string with the directory name of a package 
  template directory, containing at least a file \Rfile{DESCRIPTION}, 
  a directory \Rfile{man} with a file @PKGNAME@.Rd, 
  a directory \Rfile{data}, and possible other directories and files,
  conforming to the usual R package conventions.
\item ... any sort of further parameters, as necessary.
\end{itemize}

The output of an import function is a named list with elements
\begin{itemize}
\item \texttt{pkgname}: a character string with the package name.
\item \texttt{dataEnv}: an environment containing an arbitrary number 
  of data objects; these make the core of the package. Among these,
  there should be a data frame whose name is the value of
  \texttt{pkgname} with a column \Robject{sequence}.
  This data frame may have other columns such as the $x$- and $y$-position of the probes
  on the array, identifiers linking a probe to genomic databases, or its
  length and relative position within the gene it represents.  
  The objects in the environment will be saved as individual 
  \Rfile{.rda} files of the same name into the data directory of the 
  produced package. Documentation needs to be provided for the 
  columns of the data frame, as well as  for the other objects.
\item \texttt{symVals}: a named list, containing the symbol-value 
  substitutions that are used in the text processing. It must at least 
  contain the elements
  \begin{itemize}
  \item \texttt{ARRAYTYPE}: name of the array
  \item \texttt{DATASOURCE}: a textual description of how the data
     were obtained. It should contain the URL, or the name of the
     company / person.
  \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

For more details, please refer to the help files for the functions 
\Rfunction{makeProbePackage} and \Rfunction{getProbeDataAffy}.
For an example, refer to the source code of \Rfunction{getProbeDataAffy}.

\begin{thebibliography}{10}
\bibitem{RExt}
R Foundation (1999).
\newblock {\em Writing R Extensions}.
\newblock \url{http://www.r-project.org}.
\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}