NAME
    Exception::Tiny - too tiny exception interface

SYNOPSIS
    simple example:

      package MyException;
      use parent 'Exception::Tiny';
  
      package main;
  
      # try
      sub foo {
          eval {
              MyException->throw( 'oops!' ); # same MyException->throw( message => 'oops!' );
          };
      }
  
      # catch
      if (my $e = $@) {
          if (MyException->caught($e)) {
              say $e->message; # show 'oops!'
              say $e->package; # show 'main'
              say $e->file; # show 'foo.pl'
              say $e->line; # show '9'
              say $e->subroutine; # show 'main:foo'
              say $e->dump; # dump self
              say $e; # show 'oops! at foo.pl line 9.'
              $e->rethrow; # rethrow MyException exception.
          }
      }

    can you accessor for exception class:

      package MyExceptionBase;
      use parent 'Exception::Tiny';
      use Class::Accessor::Lite (
          ro => [qw/ status_code /],
      );
  
      package MyException::Validator;
      use parent -norequire, 'MyExceptionBase';
      use Class::Accessor::Lite (
          ro => [qw/ dfv /],
      );
  
      package main;
  
      # try
      eval {
          MyException::Validator->throw(
              message     => 'oops',
              status_code => '500',
              dfv         => {
                  missing => 'name field is missing.',
              },
          );
      };
  
      # catch
      if (my $e = $@) {
          if (MyException->caught($e)) {
              say $e->message; # show 'oops';
              say $e->status_code; # show '500';
              say $e->dfv->{missing}; # show 'name field is missing.'
              say $e; # show 'oops at bar.pl line 17.'
          }
      }

    can you catche nested class:

      package BaseException;
      use parent 'Exception::Tiny';
  
      package MyException::Validator;
      use parent -norequire, 'BaseException';
  
      package main;
  
      eval { MyException::Validator->throw }
  
      my $e = $@;
      say $e if BaseException->caught($e); # show 'MyException::Validator at bar.pl line 9.'

DESCRIPTION
    Exception::Tiny is too simple exception interface. This is the
    implementation of the minimum required in order to implement exception
    handling. So anyone can understand the implementation It.

CLASS METHODS
  throw( ... )
    throw the exception.

  caught($e)
    It returns an exception object if the argument is of the current class,
    or a subclass of that class. it simply returns $e.

INSTANCE METHODS
  rethrow
    re-throw the exception object.

  message
    It return the exception message. default is exception class name.

  package
    It return the package name that exception has occurred.

  file
    It return the file name that exception has occurred.

  line
    It return the line number in file that exception has occurred.

  subroutine
    It return the subroutine name that exception has occurred.

  as_string
    It returned in the format the exception contents of a simple string. You
    can Implementation overridden.

  dump
    It to dump the contents of the instance. You can Implementation
    overridden.

HACKING IDEA
    If you want Exception::Class::Base style object, you can write like code
    of the under.

      package HackException;
      use parent 'Exception::Tiny';
      use Class::Accessor::Lite (
          ro => [qw/ time pid uid euid gid egid /],
      );
  
      sub new {
          my($class, %args) = @_;
          %args = (
              %args,
              time => CORE::time,
              pid  => $$,
              uid  => $<,
              euid => $>,
              gid  => $(,
              egid => $),
          );
          $class->SUPER::new(%args);
      }
  
      eval {
          HackException->throw;
      };
      my $e = $@;
      say $e->time;
      say $e->pid;
      say $e->uid;
      say $e->euid;
      say $e->gid;
      say $e->egid;

AUTHOR
    Kazuhiro Osawa <yappo {@} shibuya {dot} pl>

SEE ALSO
    Class::Accessor::Lite

LICENSE
    Copyright (C) Kazuhiro Osawa

    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the same terms as Perl itself.