// 1 filename:cpp2011-14-5-6-2.cpp
// ver 0.1 June.15, 2014
//
// 2 original examples and/or notes:
// (c) ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21 N3242, April 12, 2011
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2011/n3242.pdf
// >14 Templates 14.5 Template declarations 14.5.6 Function templates 14.5.6.2 Partial ordering of function templates
// (c) Dr. OGAWA Kiyoshi, kaizen at gifu-u.ac.jp,
//
// 4 compile errors and/or warnings:
// 4.1(c) Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.40) (based on LLVM 3.4svn)
// Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.2.0,  Thread model: posix
// Command/Options: c++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -Wall cpp2011-14-5-6-2.cpp
// (c) LLVM 2003-2009 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

// 4.2. g++-4.9 (GCC) 4.9.0 20131229 (experimental)
// Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
// This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  
// There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Standards.html
// Command/Options: g++-4.9  -std=c++11  -Wall cpp2011-14-5-6-2.cpp 
// g++-4.9: error: unrecognized command line option '-stdlib=libc++'
// Configuration:brew install gcc49
//
// 4.3. Visual Studio Express 2013, 
// (c) Microsoft http://www.visualstudio.com/
// SPEC:
// Windows 7, .NET Framework
// (c) VMware, Inc.
// VMWare fusion 6
//
// 5. Hardware:  MacBook Pro, 
//(c) Intel http://ark.intel.com/products/37006/
//Core 2 Duo 2.53GHz, 8GB, 1067MHz DDR3
//
// 6. Special Thanks: Upper organizatios and 
// ITSCJ/IPSJ http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/itscj_english/index.html
// Renesas Electronics Corporation.http://www.renesas.com/
// NPO SESSAME project, http://www.sessame.jp/workinggroup/WorkingGroup3/
// Toyo Corporation, http://www.toyo.co.jp/English/
// Japan Standard Association, http://bit.ly/1lzykg1
// NPO TOPPERS project, https://www.toppers.jp/asp-d-download.html
// Daido Universcity, http://www.daido-it.ac.jp/gakubugakka/computer/index.html
// WITZ Co.Ltd., http://www.witz-inc.co.jp/products/solution/solution.html
// SevenWise.co., http://www.7ws.co.jp/index.html
// TOYOTA Motor Corporation, http://toyota.jp/
// IT planning Inc., http://www.itpl.co.jp/en/index.html
// DENSO Corporation, http://www.globaldenso.com/en/
// Aisin Seiki co. Ltd., http://www.aisin.com/
// Spancion Inc., http://www.spansion.com/
// Yazaki Corporation, http://www.yazaki-group.com/global/
// Pananosic Corporation, http://www.panasonic.net/
// SWEST: Summer Workshop on Embedded System Technologies , http://swest.toppers.jp
// CEST: Consortium for Embedded System Technology, http://www.ertl.jp/CEST/
// JUSE: Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers, http://www.juse.or.jp/e/
// OSC:Open Source Conference, http://www.ospn.jp/

#include <iostream>
//#include <cstdlib>
//#include <string.h>
//#include <cstring>
//#include <type_traits>
//#include <cassert>
//#include <algorithm>
//#include <cmath>
//#include <complex>
//#include <ccomplex>
//#include <cstddef>
//#include <new>
//#include <vector>
//#include <valarray>

using namespace std;

struct A { };
template<class T> struct B {
template<class R> int operator*(R&); // #1
};
template<class T, class R> int operator*(T&, R&); // #2
// The declaration of B::operator* is transformed into the equivalent of
// template<class R> int operator*(B<A>&, R&); // #1a

//
template<class T> struct A1 { A1(); };
template<class T> void f(T);
template<class T> void f(T*);
template<class T> void f(const T*);
template<class T> void g(T);
template<class T> void g(T&);
template<class T> void h(const T&);
template<class T> void h(A1<T>&);
void m() {
const int *p;
f(p); // f(const T*) is more specialized than f(T) or f(T*)
float x;
	//error: g(x); // Ambiguous: g(T) or g(T&)
A1<int> z;
h(z); // overload resolution selects h(A<T>&)
const A1<int> z2;
h(z2); // h(const T&) is called because h(A<T>&) is not callable
}
//
template<class T> void f2(T); // #1
template<class T> void f2(T*, int=1); // #2
template<class T> void g2(T); // #3
template<class T> void g2(T*, ...); // #4

int main() {
	A a;
	B<A> b;
	b * a; // calls #1a
	//
	int* ip;
	f2(ip); // calls #2
	g2(ip); // calls #4
	//
	cout << "14 Templates 14.5 Template declarations 14.5.6 Function templates 14.5.6.2 Partial ordering of function templates" << std::endl;
	return 0;
}
// 1 link error
// 1.1 llvm: c++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++  -Wall cpp2011-14-5-6-2.cpp
cpp2011-14-5-6-2.cpp:95:7: warning: unused variable 'x' [-Wunused-variable]
float x;
      ^
cpp2011-14-5-6-2.cpp:94:3: warning: variable 'p' is uninitialized when used here [-Wuninitialized]
f(p); // f(const T*) is more specialized than f(T) or f(T*)
  ^
cpp2011-14-5-6-2.cpp:93:13: note: initialize the variable 'p' to silence this warning
const int *p;
            ^
             = nullptr
cpp2011-14-5-6-2.cpp:114:5: warning: variable 'ip' is uninitialized when used here [-Wuninitialized]
        f2(ip); // calls #2
           ^~
cpp2011-14-5-6-2.cpp:113:9: note: initialize the variable 'ip' to silence this warning
        int* ip;
               ^
                = nullptr
3 warnings generated.
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "void f<int>(int const*)", referenced from:
      m() in cpp2011-14-5-6-2-e6c0d0.o
  "void h<A1<int> >(A1<int> const&)", referenced from:
      m() in cpp2011-14-5-6-2-e6c0d0.o
  "void h<int>(A1<int>&)", referenced from:
      m() in cpp2011-14-5-6-2-e6c0d0.o
  "void f2<int>(int*, int)", referenced from:
      _main in cpp2011-14-5-6-2-e6c0d0.o
  "void g2<int>(int*, ...)", referenced from:
      _main in cpp2011-14-5-6-2-e6c0d0.o
  "int B<A>::operator*<A>(A&)", referenced from:
      _main in cpp2011-14-5-6-2-e6c0d0.o
  "A1<int>::A1()", referenced from:
      m() in cpp2011-14-5-6-2-e6c0d0.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)