// 1 filename:cpp2011-12-3-1.cpp
// ver 0.1 June.15, 2014
//
// 2 original examples and/or notes:
// (c) ISO/IEC JTC1 SC22 WG21 N3242, April 12, 2011
// http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2011/n3242.pdf
// > 12 Special member functions 12.3 Conversions 12.3.1 Conversion by constructor
//
// 3 compile and output mechanism:
// (c) Dr. OGAWA Kiyoshi, kaizen at gifu-u.ac.jp,
//
// 4 compile errors and/or warnings:
// 4.1(c) Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.40) (based on LLVM 3.4svn)
// Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.2.0,  Thread model: posix
// Command/Options: c++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -Wall cpp2011-12-3-1.cpp 
// (c) LLVM 2003-2009 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

// 4.2. g++-4.9 (GCC) 4.9.0 20131229 (experimental)
// Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
// This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Standards.html
// Command/Options: g++-4.9  -std=c++11  -Wall cpp2011-12-3-1.cpp 
// g++-4.9: error: unrecognized command line option '-stdlib=libc++'
// Configuration:brew install gcc49
//
// 4.3. Visual Studio Express 2013, 
// (c) Microsoft http://www.visualstudio.com/
// SPEC:
// Windows 7, .NET Framework
// (c) VMware, Inc.
// VMWare fusion 6
//
// 5. Hardware:  MacBook Pro, 
//(c) Intel http://ark.intel.com/products/37006/
//Core 2 Duo 2.53GHz, 8GB, 1067MHz DDR3
//
// 6. Special Thanks: Upper organizatios and 
// ITSCJ/IPSJ http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/itscj_english/index.html
// Renesas Electronics Corporation.http://www.renesas.com/
// NPO SESSAME project, http://www.sessame.jp/workinggroup/WorkingGroup3/
// Toyo Corporation, http://www.toyo.co.jp/English/
// Japan Standard Association, http://bit.ly/1lzykg1
// NPO TOPPERS project, https://www.toppers.jp/asp-d-download.html
// Daido Universcity, http://www.daido-it.ac.jp/gakubugakka/computer/index.html
// WITZ Co.Ltd., http://www.witz-inc.co.jp/products/solution/solution.html
// SevenWise.co., http://www.7ws.co.jp/index.html
// TOYOTA Motor Corporation, http://toyota.jp/
// IT planning Inc., http://www.itpl.co.jp/en/index.html
// DENSO Corporation, http://www.globaldenso.com/en/
// Aisin Seiki co. Ltd., http://www.aisin.com/
// Spancion Inc., http://www.spansion.com/
// Yazaki Corporation, http://www.yazaki-group.com/global/
// Pananosic Corporation, http://www.panasonic.net/
// SWEST: Summer Workshop on Embedded System Technologies , http://swest.toppers.jp
// CEST: Consortium for Embedded System Technology, http://www.ertl.jp/CEST/
// JUSE: Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers, http://www.juse.or.jp/e/
// OSC:Open Source Conference, http://www.ospn.jp/

#include <iostream>
//#include <cstdlib>
//#include <string.h>
//#include <cstring>
//#include <type_traits>
//#include <cassert>
//#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <cstddef>
//#include <new>
//#include <vector>

using namespace std;

struct X {
X(int);
X(const char*, int =0);
};
void f(X arg) {
X a = 1; // a = X(1)
X b = "Jessie"; // b = X("Jessie",0)
a = 2; // a = X(2)
f(3); // f(X(3))
}
//
struct Z {
explicit Z();
explicit Z(int);
};
Z a; // OK: default-initialization performed
//error: Z a1 = 1; // error: no implicit conversion
Z a3 = Z(1); // OK: direct initialization syntax used
Z a2(1); // OK: direct initialization syntax used
Z* p = new Z(1); // OK: direct initialization syntax used
Z a4 = (Z)1; // OK: explicit cast used
Z a5 = static_cast<Z>(1); // OK: explicit cast used


int main() {
//
	cout << "12 Special member functions 12.3 Conversions 12.3.1 Conversion by constructor" << std::endl;
	return 0;
}
// 1  link error
// 1.1 llvm  c++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++  -Wall cpp2011-12-3-1.cpp 
cpp2011-12-3-1.cpp:80:3: warning: unused variable 'b' [-Wunused-variable]
X b = "Jessie"; // b = X("Jessie",0)
  ^
1 warning generated.
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "X::X(char const*, int)", referenced from:
      f(X) in cpp2011-12-3-1-95f9ad.o
  "X::X(int)", referenced from:
      f(X) in cpp2011-12-3-1-95f9ad.o
  "Z::Z(int)", referenced from:
      ___cxx_global_var_init1 in cpp2011-12-3-1-95f9ad.o
      ___cxx_global_var_init2 in cpp2011-12-3-1-95f9ad.o
      ___cxx_global_var_init3 in cpp2011-12-3-1-95f9ad.o
      ___cxx_global_var_init4 in cpp2011-12-3-1-95f9ad.o
      ___cxx_global_var_init5 in cpp2011-12-3-1-95f9ad.o
  "Z::Z()", referenced from:
      ___cxx_global_var_init in cpp2011-12-3-1-95f9ad.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
//1.2 gcc:  g++-4.9 -std=c++11 -Wall cpp2011-12-3-1.cpp 
cpp2011-12-3-1.cpp: In function 'void f(X)':
cpp2011-12-3-1.cpp:80:3: warning: variable 'b' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
 X b = "Jessie"; // b = X("Jessie",0)
   ^
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "X::X(char const*, int)", referenced from:
      f(X)    in ccDXDtJY.o
  "X::X(int)", referenced from:
      f(X)    in ccDXDtJY.o
  "Z::Z(int)", referenced from:
      __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int) in ccDXDtJY.o
  "Z::Z()", referenced from:
      __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int) in ccDXDtJY.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status