=====//===== \\ // ____ // \\ // |\ /| // // //====== \V/ ||\ //| \\ // // // \\ || \// | /\ \\ ===\ // //==== // \\ || | // \ \\ | // // // \\ || | //===\ \\___/ //======= // \ Volume 5 Number 3 A Mostly Unofficial Publication for Users of the TeX Typesetting System Contents Departments \footnote{}........................................................2 Letters to the Editor..............................................3 ToolBox............................................................4 Articles Help with Letters and Envelopes in LaTeX...........................5 Special International Articles Towards a Font for Africa.........................................6 Announcing YUNUS, a Turkish TeX List..............................7 Call for the Discussion and Development of Greek TeX..............8 TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3 page 2 _______________________________________________________________________________ | | | \footnote{Interesting Developments in International TeX} | |_____________________________________________________________________________| As you will note in this issue, there are some international developments in the international field of TeX, namely, African, Turkish, and Greek TeX all make an appearance in this issue. If you are at all interested in the development of international TeX you will find a great wealth of information below. For the Greek speakers there is a bilingual article towards the end. The TeXMaG.TeX Macro mentioned last issue should surface sometime this summer. I'll try to quit breaking my self-imposed deadlines when it comes to these kinds of things. See you all next month... -neil TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3 page 3 _______________________________________________________________________________ | | | Letters to the Editor | |_____________________________________________________________________________| +-----------------------------+ | More on MF and Hershey | +-----------------------------+ In TeXMaG V5N1, someone wrote that the Hershey fonts do not exist in MF form. This is not true. The Hershey fonts can be produced by running a program which translates a "Hershey spec file" into an MF file, then Metafont will process this file as usual. There are two databases from which character descriptions for the spec file can be taken: an occidental database and an oriental database; together they contain instructions for drawing some 2400 characters. Ken Yap did the work on this, I believe, and separated out four distinct fonts, a script font and three "Gothic" fonts. I retrieved all the material required to build the fonts from some server or other about a year ago. I have written or modified a number of programs to turn the database into MF files under VMS (Yap's stuff is all UNIX and I had a bit of trouble getting everything to work right). I now have files and programs which make it easy to print the entire database for examination, and I have MF files for Yap's four fonts plus a font containing a number of the symbols in the database which I found interesting. These include planetary symbols, astrological symbols and a variety of oddball symbols. I also have a TeX file which defines reasonable control sequences to produce the symbols. I would be happy to send what I have to anyone or to post it in some appropriate place---perhaps YMIR? I'd also be glad to write a longer description for TeXMaG if you like. -- David +--------------------------+ | Mode_def list for MF | +--------------------------+ I have collected all the Metafont modes I could find, with Doug Henderson's help, and also auxiliary definitions for write-write printers, GF specials, etc., etc. I hope people will start using this as their ``local'' file. It's on ftp.cs.umb.edu [192.12.26.23] in pub/tex/modes.mf. karl@cs.umb.edu +--------------------------+ | On LaTeX and Patents | +--------------------------+ Are you aware of the existence of a LaTeX style file suitable for writing up applications for US patents? It is a two-column style, but the columns are numbered, rather than the pages, and the lines are numbered between the columns, every 5th line. Any assistance you can give would be appreciated. [Sounds like a good job for some industrious LaTeXer! -ed.] +-------------------+ | More On LaTeX | +-------------------+ >Is there a way to design a non-standard pagenumbering in LaTeX? I need a >document to have hyphenated page numbers such as 1-1, 1-2, 1-3,... and >nothing I've tried has worked! > >INTERNET: a1grandbois@cudnvr.denver.colorado.edu If all you wanted was each page number to be prefixed with 1- you could just do \renewcommand{\thepage}{1-\arabic{page}} either in the preamble of your document (between the \documentstyle line and the \begin{document} or in a seperate .sty file you refer to in square brackets in the \documentstyle line. However, chances are you want to actually have the number before the hyphen be the chapter number (or perhaps section or part, which would be analogous). You can nearly do this with \renewcommand{\thepage}{\arabic{chapter}-\arabic{page}} The only problem is that the page number will continue to be stepped consecutively through the whole document, rather than reset to one at the start of each chapter as you probably desire. To achieve that effect, you have to add the page counter to the "reset list" for the chapter counter. Unfortunately, that would reset it to zero rather than one, so we have to change the reseting mechanism to make a special case of the page counter, reseting it to one instead. To get all of these things to happen, but the following in a file such as chappg.sty and then use \documentstyle[chappg]{report} or whatnot: \renewcommand{\thepage}{\arabic{chapter}-\arabic{page}}% chapter-page numbering \@addtoreset{page}{chapter}% reset page number when chapter is stepped % The next magic makes the page counter be reset to one rather than zero \def\@stpelt#1{\global\csname c@#1\endcsname \expandafter\ifx \csname#1\endcsname \page \@ne \else \z@ \fi} Hope this helps. -Max Hailperin for LaTeX-help +------------------------------+ | On Writing Device Drivers | +------------------------------+ I am having difficulty locating information on how to write a device driver for TeX. I have a DeskJet 500 and sent away for a device driver, for a cost, only to receive a badly coded "correction" to a LaserJet driver that does not even work. I think I could write a very good DeskJet driver and would be glad to make it available free. -Ken Burrell ktb@r.lanl.gov TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3 page 4 _______________________________________________________________________________ | | | The ToolBox | |_____________________________________________________________________________| [Inwords.TeX revisited! -ed.] I enjoyed Raymond Chen's macros in TeXMaG 5/2 to convert a number to its verbose equivalent. When I used them I quickly found some small problems: Some spaces get doubled ("one hunderd thousand") and zero is ignored. I made some patches, including the ability to capitalise the first letter. (I would have sent this to Ray Chen, but his address was not given with his letter.) So here is the modified version of inwords.tex % inwords.tex -- convert a number into words (in English) % % Usage: \inwords{...} \Cap\inwords{...} % % where ... is the number to be converted. Specifying \Cap capitalizes % the first letter of the first word, as for the beginning of a sentence. % % Example: % % The number \inwords{314159265} is very large. % % produces % % The number three hundred fourteen million one hundred fifty-nine % thousand two hundred sixty-five is very large. % % % Bugs: Some versions of TeX (produced by web2c) erroneously claim that % \count0=2 % \multiply\count0 by 1000000000 % generates an overflow error. It shouldn't; the result is still % within the range of a count variable. Hence, the \inwords % macro may generate overflow errors if you try to print out % numbers greater than or equal to 2 billion. % %% by Raymond Chen % % change to avoid doubled spaces, allow zero or negative, and % % allow capitalization via \Cap -- Donald Arseneau \catcode`\@=11 \def\undertwenty#1{\expandafter \C@ \ifcase#1\relax\or one \or two \or three \or four \or five \or six \or seven \or eight \or nine \or ten \or eleven \or twelve \or thirteen\or fourteen \or fifteen \or sixteen \or seventeen \or eighteen \or nineteen \fi} % The careful sidestepping involved in \count@=#1 \allocationnumber=\count@ % is to make sure the right thing happens, even if #1=\count@ or % #1=\allocationnumber. % % We use \allocationnumber as a scratch count variable. It and \count@ % are always used inside a group, so their original values will be % restored when the macros finish their job. \def\underhundred#1{\ifnum#1<20 \undertwenty{#1}\else {\count@#1\relax \allocationnumber\count@ \divide\count@ 10 \expandafter \C@ \ifcase\count@ \or\or twenty\or thirty\or forty\or fifty\or sixty\or seventy\or eighty\or ninety\fi \multiply\count@ 10 \advance\allocationnumber by-\count@ \ifnum\allocationnumber>\z@ -\undertwenty\allocationnumber \else\space\fi }\fi} \def\numbersplit#1#2#3#4#5{% \ifnum#5<#1\relax#2{#5}\else {\count@#5\relax \allocationnumber\count@ \divide\count@ #1\relax #3\count@#4\multiply\count@ #1\relax \advance\allocationnumber-\count@ #2\allocationnumber }\fi} \def\underthousand{\numbersplit{100}\underhundred\undertwenty{hundred }} \def\undermillion{\numbersplit\@m\underthousand\underthousand{thousand }} \def\underbillion{\numbersplit{1000000}\undermillion\underthousand{million }} \def\inwords#1{\ifnum#1=\z@ \C@ zero \else\ifnum#1<\z@ \C@ negative % \numbersplit{1000000000}\underbillion\underthousand{billion }{-#1}\else \numbersplit{1000000000}\underbillion\underthousand{billion }{#1}\fi\fi \unskip} \def\Cap{\global\let\C@\C@pit} \def\C@pit#1{\uppercase{#1}\global\let\C@\relax} \global\let\C@\relax \catcode`\@=12 %------------- % End of inwords.tex ---------- Some tests: I have \inwords{163} dollars and \inwords{84} cents, and \inwords{0} sense. Counting my mortgage, I have \inwords{-85340} dollars. \Cap\inwords{314159265} is a very large number. \Cap\inwords{-100000} is a round negative number; \inwords{1000000001} is a positive number, but slightly eccentric. \bye At the risk of making the macros too "smart" for their own good, we could make capitalization "automatic" by substituting: \def\inwords#1{\ifnum2999<\spacefactor\Cap\fi \ifnum#1=\z@ \C@ zero... But this would be so prone to failure that I would recommend against it. Donald Arseneau asnd@triumfcl.bitnet asnd@reg.triumf.ca TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3 page 5 _______________________________________________________________________________ | | | Help with Letters and Envelopes in LaTeX | |_____________________________________________________________________________| In the article Letter Printing using DVIlaser/HP (V2N4), information was presented to show how to get envelopes with the TeX Letter style. Working with that idea I have tried to use the LaTeX letter style % LETTER DOCUMENT STYLE -- Released 20 July 1987 % for LaTeX version 2.09 % Copyright (C) 1987 by Leslie Lamport and the envelope style %From: to create a LaTeX letter/envelope style which would automatically generate the input file for the envelope style file. I have had limited success in this project. The envelope style file uses for the return address a command "\from{address}". I have not been able to get LaTeX to write out the "{" and"}" characters. The number of lines in the from address must be known in advance and the style modified to only display that number of lines for the return address. An additional feature would be to parse the zip code from the last line of the address and include the envelope command "\zipcode{12345-6789}" to typeset the barcode for the zipcode. Also the definition of a flag to turn on or off the creation of the envelope file. The file created is the same name as the letter file with the extension of "env". Any help on this would be appreciated enclosed are the three commands I modified, Begin Document, End letter, and End document. %begin document \def\document{\endgroup \@colht\textheight \@colroom\textheight \vsize\textheight \columnwidth\textwidth \@clubpenalty\clubpenalty \if@twocolumn \advance\columnwidth -\columnsep \divide\columnwidth\tw@ \hsize\columnwidth \@firstcolumntrue \fi \hsize\columnwidth \linewidth\hsize \begingroup\@floatplacement\@dblfloatplacement\endgroup \if@filesw \immediate\openout\@mainaux=\jobname.aux \immediate\write\@mainaux{\string\startlabels\string\@startlabels}\fi \immediate\openout0=\jobname.env \immediate\write0{\noexpand\documentstyle[12pt,env]{article}} \immediate\write0{\noexpand\nofiles} \immediate\write0{\noexpand\begin{document}} \immediate\write0{\noexpand\sf} \immediate\write0{\noexpand\from} \immediate\write0{\noexpand\beginfrom} \write0{\fromname\noexpand\\} \write0{\fromlineone\noexpand\\} \write0{\fromlinetwo\noexpand\\} \ifx\fromlinethree\@empty % \else\write0{\fromlinethree\noexpand\\}\fi \ifx\fromlinefour\@empty % \else\write0{\fromlinefour\noexpand\\}\fi \ifx\fromlinefive\@empty % \else\write0{\fromlinefive\noexpand\\}\fi \write0{\noexpand\endfrom} \def\do##1{\let ##1\@notprerr} \@preamblecmds \let\do\noexpand \@normalsize\everypar{}} %%%% End Document \def\enddocument{\@checkend{document}\newpage\begingroup \if@filesw \immediate\closeout\@mainaux \makeatletter\input \jobname.aux\clearpage \fi\endgroup \immediate\write0{\noexpand\end{document}} \immediate\write0{}\closeout0% \deadcycles\z@\@@end} %%%% End letter \def\endletter{\stopletter\@@par\pagebreak\@@par \begingroup \def\protect{\string} \let\\=\relex \def\\protect##1{\string##1\space} {\immediate\write0{\noexpand\begin{envelope}} \ifx\tolineone\@empty % \else\immediate\write0{\tolineone\noexpand\\}\fi \ifx\tolinetwo\@empty % \else\immediate\write0{\tolinetwo\noexpand\\}\fi \ifx\tolinethree\@empty % \else\immediate\write0{\tolinethree\noexpand\\}\fi \ifx\tolinefour\@empty % \else\immediate\write0{\tolinefour\noexpand\\}\fi \ifx\tolinefive\@empty % \else\immediate\write0{\tolinefive\noexpand\\}\fi \ifx\tolinesix\@empty % \else\immediate\write0{\tolinesix\noexpand\\}\fi \ifx\tolineseven\@empty % \else\immediate\write0{\tolineseven\noexpand\\}\fi \immediate\write0{\noexpand\end{envelope}}} \endgroup % \if@filesw \begingroup \def\protect{\string} \let\\=\relax \def\protect##1{\string##1\space} \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\mlabel{\returnaddress}{\toname \\\toaddress}} \endgroup \fi} TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3 page 6 _______________________________________________________________________________ | | | Towards a Font for Africa | |_____________________________________________________________________________| % fcreadme.txt by J"org Knappen 10-MAR-1991 African languages use several zusatz characters, which are not included in european standards. This was the starting point for this work. I evaluated a list of characters to include into an african font and created a font encoding scheme. This scheme I call FC (aFrican Computer) and it is now at the status of a draft. It is designed to overlap the EC font encoding scheme (TeX-conference hold at Cork 1990) as much as possible. I composed a metafont including the characters needed for african languages. This font was named ear and provided several variant glyphs of the same character. The ffcmr Font The ffcmr font is the First aFrican Computer Modern Roman font. It includes computer modern roman in the lower 128 code positions and 36 african zusatz characters in the upper half. The latter already have their fc code positions, but some of the lower half will be moved. Next Steps The next step will be an afc (Almost aFrican Computer) font. This will have all characters positioned according to the EC/FC scheme, but will not be complete. Some accented letters might be absent (and are probable so). After completion, the name will change to fc, which will be the final form. Appendix: The fc font encoding scheme (draft) % fc.txt by J"org Knapen 19-dec-1990 % last change 23-jan-1991 Draft for an african font coding scheme The TUG conference of Cork 1990 has proposed a 256 character font encoding scheme well suited for european languages. This scheme does not fit for the various african languages with latin writing. So I want to propose a scheme suited for the so called critical languages of africa. It should be named FC or FCM for aFrican Computer. The coding is arbitrary besides the following rules: * The lower 128 codes are identical to the Cork scheme * A glyph also occurring in the Cork scheme is placed on the same code point as in the Cork scheme * Each letter from the 128-char cm-font is saved (Thus !', \L, \O etc. will work) * The uppercase/lowercase mechanism holds The following languages are covered: Akan, Bamileke, Basa (Kru), Bemba, Ciokwe, Dinka, Efik, Ewe-Fon, Fulani (Fulful), G\%a, Gbaya, Hausa, Igbo, Kanuri, Kikuyu, Kikongo, Kpelle, Krio, Luba, Mandekan (Bambara), Mende, More, Ngala, Nyanja, Oromo, Rundi, Kinya Rwanda, Sango, Shona, Somali, Songhai, Sotho (two different writing systems), Suaheli, Tiv, Yao, Yoruba, Xhosa and Zulu. Also covered are: Maltese and Sami (European languages not covered by the Cork scheme). I tried to consult the most recent dictionaries. A good part of the mentioned languages has not yet a standardised writing system. I considered accents which are only tonal marks and optional in writing not to be a part of a letter. These should be created by using floating accents. (Even double accenting is possible, e.g. Open e with tilde and acute.) Accented letters, where the accent is a part of the letter, are included. The table: (U means uppercase, L lowercase): octal code description 200 U hooktop B 201 U hooktop D 202 U open E (\varepsilon-like) 203 U reversed E (like \exists) 204 U long F 205 U E with ha\v{c}ek 206 U ipa Gamma 207 U double barred H 210 U hooktop K 211 U Enj 212 U open O (revesed C) 213 U N with acute 214 U Esh 215 U Eng 216 U variant U (\upsilon-like) 217 U hooktop Y 220 U G with dot above 221 U M with acute 222 U S with ha\v{c}ek 223 U N with dot above 224 U N with line below 225 U S with dot below 226 U W with breve 227 U crossed T 230 U E with dot above 231 U E with dot below 232 U I with tilde 233 U O with macron 234 ligature t-esh 235 ligature fj 236 L crossed d 237 double grave accent 240 L hooktop b 241 L hooktop d 242 L open e 243 L inverted e 244 L long f 245 L e with ha\v{c]ek 246 L ipa gamma 247 L crossed h 250 L hooktop k 251 L enj 252 L open O 253 L n with acute 254 L esh 255 L eng 256 L variant u (\upsilon) 257 L hooktop y 260 L g with dot above 261 L m with acute 262 L s with ha\v{c}ek 263 L n with dot above 264 L n with line below 265 L s with dot below 266 L w with breve 267 L crossed t 270 L e with dot above 271 L e with dot below 272 L i tilde 273 L o with macron 274 small raised w 275 inverted exclamation mark 276 inverted question mark 277 universal accent 300 U A with acute 301 U I with dot below 302 U A with circumflex 303 U A with tilde 304 U Open E with tilde 305 U Open O with tilde 306 U ligature AE 307 U C with cedilla 310 U E with grave 311 U E with acute 312 U E with circumflex 313 U E with diaresis 314 U E with line below 315 U E with macron 316 U E with tilde 317 U I with diaresis 320 U crossed D (Edh) 321 U N with tilde 322 U O with grave 323 U O with dot above 324 U O with circumflex 325 U O with tilde 326 U O with diaresis 327 U ligature OE 330 U crossed O (\O) 331 U O with dot below 332 U O with line below 333 U U with circumflex 334 U O with ha\v{c}ek 335 U U with dot below 336 U U with tilde 337 cross piece for polish L and l 340 L a with acute 341 L i with dot below 342 L a with circumflex 343 L a with tilde 344 L open e with tilde 345 L open o with tilde 346 L ligature ae 347 L c with cedilla 350 L e with grave 351 L e with acute 352 L e with circumflex 353 L e with diaresis 354 L e with line below 355 L e with macron 356 L e with tilde 357 L i with diaresis 360 L d with tail (note: not edh!) 361 L n with tilde 362 L o with grave 363 L o with dot above 364 L o with circumflex 365 L o with tilde 366 L o with diaresis 367 L ligature oe 370 L crossed o (\o) 371 L o with dot below 372 L o with line below 373 L u with circumflex 374 L o with ha\v{c}ek 375 L u with dot below 376 L u with tilde 377 L eszet (\ss) J"org Knappen email: knappen@vkpmzd.physik.uni-mainz.de Institut f"ur Kernphysik Knappen@dmznat51.bitnet Postfach 3980 D-W6500 Mainz TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3 page 7 _______________________________________________________________________________ | | | YUNUS -- Turkish TeX Users Group and Discussion List | |_____________________________________________________________________________| I would like to announce formation of a BITNET List YUNUS as an informal and semi official publication of Turkish TeX Users Group with the purpose: to discuss, disseminate and exchange information about the TeX typesetting system, its variants, and, especially, Turkish TeX. YUNUS EMRE is a 15'th century Turkish poet and philosopher, who is one of the best users of turkish language. The list is named after him. List is located at TRMETU.bitnet. So so you can send post files to list by sending them to YUNUS@TRMETU.bitnet, and subscribe to the list via a mail message consisting of SUB YUNUS First_Name Middle_name Last_name to LISTSERV@TRMETU.bitnet. There are no language restrictions on the list. `Owners' of the list: * Owner= akgul@trbilun (Mustafa Akgul) * Owner= a07820@trmetua (Bulent Karasozen) * Owner= ZIYA@TRMETU (Ziya Karakaya) For ordinary mail use: Mustafa Akgul Bilkent University 06533 Bilkent Ankara Turkey. TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 3 page 8 _______________________________________________________________________________ | | | Call for Standardization of GREEK TeX | | and Creation of a GREEK TeX Users Group | |_____________________________________________________________________________| Contents: 1. Why standardization? 2. What kind of standardization? 3. The circumflex problem. 4. What else should be done? 5. How to start? 6. The Dedham TUG Annual Meeting 1991 7. Final conclusion 8. A significant motto Appendix 1. Transliteration table Appendix 2. The font table ---------------------------------------------------------------- | THIS MESSAGE IS BILINGUAL: ENGLISH AND GREEK; IF YOU HAVE ANY | | PROBLEMS IN READING THE GREEK PART, THERE IS A TRANSLITERATION | | TABLE AT THE END. | ---------------------------------------------------------------- ***************************************|*************************************** | 1. Why standardization? | 1. Giat'i tupopo'ihsh? | Dear Friends, | Agaphto'i f'iloi, with the release of TeX3.0 and MF2.0 | af'otou bg'hke to TeX3.0 kai to MF2.0 new horizons have been opened to TeX, | kaino'urgioi or'izontec ano'iqthkan especially concerning the adaptation | sto TeX kai eidik'a 'oson afor'a thn of TeX to different languages. For | prosarmog'h tou se diaf'orec gl'wssec. many european languages, fonts of 256 | Gia poll'ec eurwpa"ik'ec gl'wssec characters have been created, together | fti'aqthkan grammatoseir'ec me 256 with the corresponding hyphenation | qarakt'hrec, maz'i me ta ant'istoiqa patterns and LaTeX styles. | mot'iba sullabismo'u kai stul LaTeX. What about Greek? | Me ta ellhnik'a ti g'inetai? Actually Greek TeX evolved in | To ellhnik'o TeX exel'iqthke se three stages: first Professor Knuth | tr'ia st'adia: pr'wta o kajhght'hc created the uppercase characters which | Knuth 'eftiaxe ta kefala'ia ellhnik'a are in the CM fonts (but not anymore | gr'ammata pou br'iskontai stic gramma- in the DC/EC ones); then Silvio Levy | toseir'ec thc oikog'eneiac CM (all'a made his well-known package of fonts; | 'oqi stic DC/EC); met'a o Silvio Levy and finally Klaus Thull and myself | 'eftiaxe to gnwst'o pak'eto grammato- made some changements and added some | seir'wn; kai t'eloc o Klaus Thull kai new features to Silvio's work (see | eg'w k'aname merik'ec allag'ec kai TUGboat 9,1 and 10,3). The fact is | prosj'esame orism'enec dunat'othtec that today the two latter approaches | sthn doulei'a tou Silvio (bl. TUGboat are obsolete in many points. Silvio | 9,1 kai 10,3). Gegon'oc e'inai 'oti oi uses 256-characters to face the | d'uo teleuta'iec doulei'ec e'inai xe- problem of the final sigma, which can | perasm'enec s'hmera se poll'a shme'ia. be solved very easily today thanks | O Silvio qrhsimopoie'i grammatoseir'ec to MF2.0's end-of-word ligatures. | 256 qarakt'hrwn gia na l'usei to pr'o- Klaus and I use 128-character fonts, | blhma tou teliko'u s'igma, pou mpore'i which are useless today. | na luje'i s'hmera pol'u eukol'wtera me On the other hand, many things | tic ((sund'eseic t'elouc l'exhc)) tou remain undone: hyphenation patterns | MF2.0. O Klaus kai eg'w qrhsimopoi- for 256-character fonts, LaTeX and | o'ume grammatoseir'ec 128 qarakt'hrwn AMSTeX styles, documentation on Greek | pou e'inai 'aqrhstec s'hmera. TeX and last-but-not-least a common | Tounant'ion poll'a pr'agmata 7-bit transliteration for email pur- | pr'epei n'a g'inoun ak'oma: mot'iba poses. Most of this can't be done | sullabismo'u gia grammatoseir'ec 256 without a once-for-all standard and | qarakt'hrwn, stul gia LaTeX, AMSTeX, complete font table! And this again | odhg'iec qr'hshc tou ellhniko'u TeX can't be done without the participa- | kai --ac mh to xeqn'ame-- 'enac koi- tion of every GreekTeX user. | n'oc metagrammatism'oc gia ta 7 bit | tou hlektroniko'u taqudrome'iou. Ta | pio poll'a ap''aut'a den mporo'un na | g'inoun prin kajor'isoume pr'wta kai | mia gia p'anta, 'enan pl'hrh p'inaka | ellhnik'hc grammatoseir'ac! Ki aut'o | p'ali den mpore'i na g'inei qwr'ic | thn summetoq'h KAJE qr'hsth tou ellh- | niko'u TeX. | 2. What kind of standardization? | 2. Ti e'idouc tupopo'ihsh? | A font table must contain ALL possi- | 'Enac p'inakac grammatoseir'ac pr'epei ble accent+character combinations. | na peri'eqei OLOUC touc dunato'uc sun- They should be reachable by ligatures | duasmo'uc t'onwn, pneum'atwn, gramm'a- AS WELL as by direct 8-bit input. | twn kai upogegramm'enhc. Pr'epei na One-accent fonts should contain exac- | up'arqei pr'osbash s''auto'uc touc tly the same characters, only accents | sunduasmo'uc TOSO m'esw sund'esmwn OSO should be invisible. This stands also | kai m'esw kateuje'iac eisagwg'hc 8 bit for the small-capitals-font. | Oi monotonik'ec grammatoseir'ec pr'e- These are the standard principia | pei na 'eqoun akrib'wc touc 'idiouc to start with. The concrete place of | qarakt'hrec me ton ant'istoiqo toni- each character should be fixed after | sm'o. To 'idio isq'uei kai gia thn common agreement, also the kind of | grammatoseir'a twn kefala'iwn. ponctuation marks and other symbols | Aut'ec e'inai oi arq'ec gia na xe- appearing in the font. | kin'hsoume. H pragmatik'h j'esh k'aje Since the best start is a real | qarakt'hra ja pr'epei na apofasisje'i proposal instead of empty words, I | met'a ap'o koin'h sumfwn'ia, ep'ishc include my own proposal for a Greek | to poia shme'ia st'ixhc kai 'alla font table at the end of this text. | s'umbola ja up'arqoun sthn grammato- Of course it requires a lot of imagi- | seir'a. nation since almost all is written in | Gia na mhn e'inai l'ogia tou a'era Silvio's transliteration; you can | 'ola aut'a sac paraj'etw thn dik'h mou find a printed sample of the table | pr'otash sto t'eloc auto'u tou keim'e- in the forthcoming TUGboat paper "On | nou. Ja br'hte aut'on ton p'inaka tu- TeX and Greek...". The first 8 sym- | pwm'eno sto ep'omeno TUGboat (12,2) bols are used by Oxford for critical | sthn dhmos'ieush ((On TeX and Greek... editions of epigraphical texts. The | )). Ta pr'wta 8 s'umbola tou p'inaka digamma is simply at positions 'v' | qrhsimopoio'untai apo tic ekd'oseic and 'V' of the table, for two rea- | thc Oxf'ordhc gia thn perigraf'h kei- sons: digamma was pronounced as a vee | m'enwn ap'o arqa'iec epigraf'ec. 'Eba- and this position is the only empty | la to d'igamma stic j'eseic "v" "V" one inside the alphabet. | gia d'uo l'ogouc: pr'wton giat'i 'etsi | profer'otan ((ton kair'o eke'ino)) kai | de'uteron giat'i 'htan h m'onh 'adeia | j'esh m'esa sto latinik'o alf'abhto. | 3. The circumflex problem. | 3. To pr'oblhma thc perispwm'enhc. | Silvio uses % (\char'176) to encode | O Silvio qrhsimopo'ihse to % (\char' the circumflex accent. This choice | 176) gia thn perispwm'enh. E'inai h is very natural, except that TeX uses | pio fusik'h epilog'h, ekt'oc ap''to the same ASCII code for the line-brea- | gegon'oc 'oti aut'oc o qarakt'hrac king-prevention-character. Of course | ASCII qrhsimopoie'itai ap''to TeX gia any other character could be used for | thn paremp'odish thc kop'hc thc gram- line-breaking-prevention, *but* the | mhc. B'ebaia ja mporo'usame na b'a- actual problem is that changing the | me k'apoion 'allo qarakt'hra na k'anei categories of characters encloses | aut'h thn doulei'a, 'ela 'omwc pou Greek text in a special environment | all'azontac tic kathgor'iec twn qara- which often conflicts with TeX-macros | kt'hrwn perior'izoume to ellhnik'o defined outside of it. | ke'imeno s'''ena eidik'o perib'allon In my opinion switching to Greek | kai suqn'a 'eqoume probl'hmata me should be as easy as changing a font; | entol'ec TeX pou 'eqoun orisje'i 'exw there should be no macros and no | ap''aut'o. \catcode changing, everything should | Kat'a thn tapein'h mou gn'wmh, to be left to the font. This can be rea- | ellhnik'o TeX pr'epei na e'inai to lized if we choose some other chara- | 'idio e'ukolo 'oso mia apl'h allag'h cter to encode the circumflex accent. | grammatoseir'ac; na mhn up'arqoun I know, this is rather a radical | o'ute n'eec entol'ec o'ute allag'ec change, besides being against intui- | \catcode; 'olec oi plhrofor'iec pr'e- tion (% *is* a circumflex). But I | pei na peri'eqontai sthn ellhnik'h assure you, it will also be a big | grammatoseir'a. Aut'o mpore'i na g'i- relief to handle Greek just like any | nei an dial'exoume k'apoion 'allo other TeX-font, especially since | qarakt'hra ASCII gia thn perispwm'enh. macros tend to become more and more | X'erw, pr'okeitai gia m'allon rizik'h obscure and complicated (ever looked | allag'h; q'wria ap''to gegon'oc 'oti *inside* LaTeX?). | e'inai kai k'ontra sthn koin'h logik'h Since ~, _ and | are used for | (to % 'opwc kai na to k'anoume, special purposes, the only ASCII | *e'inai* perispwm'enh). All'a sac dia- characters which could potentially | bebai'w 'oti ja aisjanje'ite anako'u- serve as circumflex are + and =. | fish 'otan ja mpore'ite na gr'afete Of course these are my personal | ellhnik'a sto TeX apl'wc all'azontac thoughts and I would be very glad | thn grammatoseir'a, id'iwc t'wra pou if a discussion could be started on | oi entol'ec g'inontai 'olo kai pio this topic. Also the same problem | pol'uplokec. arises with " for diaeresis (used by | Afo'u ta ~, _ kai | qrhsimopoi- several macro-packages for indexing) | o'untai allo'u, oi m'onoi qarakt'hrec and | for subscript iota (used for | ASCII gia thn perispwm'enh ja 'htan + verbatim mode etc). | kai =. B'ebaia aut'ec e'inai proswpi- I think --and hope-- it's not too | k'ec sk'eyeic kai ja qair'omoun pol'u late to make such radical changes, | an xek'inage mia suz'hthsh p'anw which are necessary for a solid and | s''aut'o to j'ema. To 'idio pr'oblhma efficient use of the Greek language | up'arqei kai me ta dialutik'a kai thn by TeX. | upogegramm'enh: t'oso to " 'oso to | | qrhsimopoio'untai gia diaf'orouc sko- | po'uc ap'o ta di'afora pak'eta TeX. | Piste'uw ---kai elp'izw--- 'oti den | e'inai arg'a gia na k'anoume t'oso | rizik'ec allag'ec, afo'u m'alista | e'inai apara'ithtec gia 'ena sumpag'ec | kai apotelesmatik'o ellhnik'o TeX. | 4. What else should be done? | 4. Ti 'allo pr'epei na g'inei; | After a font table has been fixed, | Afo'u kajor'isoume 'enan p'inaka gram- the real work can start. We need a | matoseir'ac, h pragmatik'h doulei'a whole TeX system in Greek. Macros, | mpore'i n''arq'isei. Qreiaz'omaste LaTeX styles, AMSTeX styles, LAMSTeX | 'enan pl'hrec s'usthma TeX sta ellh- styles, AMSLaTeX styles...should I go | nik'a. Entol'ec, stul gia LateX, gia on? Yes I know, all this *can* be | AMSTeX, LAMSTeX, AMSLaTeX,...kai p'aei done easily, but nevertheless it | l'egontac. Nai x'erw, 'ola aut'a represents many men-hours of work | *mporo'un* na g'inoun; antiproswpe'u- and someone *has* to do it. | oun 'omwc poll'h doulei'a, kai k'a- Then all this should be made AVAI- | poioc *pr'epei* na thn k'anei. LABLE in a common place, together with | Met'a, 'ola aut'a pr'epei na e'inai DOCUMENTATION, in English *and* | DIAJESIMA se ena koin'o m'eroc, maz'i Greek. I don't want to sound as a | me plhrofor'iec sta agglik'a *kai* sta fanatic one, but the TeX community | ellhnik'a. Den j'elw na fan'w fanati- should --by our efforts-- stop | k'oc, alla h koin'othta tou TeX pr'epei seeing Greek like some exotic thing, | m'esa ap''tic prosp'ajei'ec mac na just like the punk font or music-- | stamat'hsei na bl'epei ta ellhnik'a typesetting. It is a living language | san exwtik'o fro'uto! E'inai mia and the "handicap" of having another | zwntan'h gl'wssa kai to pr'oblhma tou alphabet can be faced by the STEADY | na 'eqoume 'allo alf'abhto xeperni'e- and CONSISTENT use of a COMMON | tai me thn STAJERH kai ENTATIKH qr'hsh transliteration. Just think that | en'oc KOINOU metagrammatismo'u. Ske- other languages like french and | fte'ite m'ono 'oti ki 'allec gl'wssec czech have the same sacrifices to | 'opwc ta gallik'a 'h ta ts'eqika make when using 7-bit ASCII code: | k'anoun 'allec t'osec jus'iec 'otan either accents are omitted (which | pr'epei na gr'ayoun sta 7 bit: 'h den looks awful) or they are placed in TeX | b'azoun kaj'olou t'onouc 'h touc b'a- macro-form (which also looks awful). | zoun up'o thn morf'h entol'wn TeX; kai So the first step to a rehabi- | stic d'uo peript'wseic to apot'elesma litation of Greek TeX is an agree- | e'inai q'alia. ment on the transliteration. It is | 'Ara to pr'wto b'hma gia mia apo- only natural that we use the same | kat'astash tou ellhniko'u TeX e'inai transliteration in TeX and in our | na sumfwn'hsoume 'enan koin'o meta- everyday's email writing. Silvio's | grammatism'o. O metagrammatism'oc tou transliteration looks a good choice | S'ilbio mou fa'inetai mia kal'h epilo- to me, of course the discussion is | g'h, fusik'a h suz'hthsh e'inai anoi- open. But please STOP writing the | qt'h. All'a parakal'w STAMATHSTE na letter chi as an x or upsilon as an | gr'afete to qi san x 'h to 'uyilon san y just because they look like that!! | y m'ono kai m'ono giat'i moi'azoun!!!! If you don't like Silvio's transli- | An den sac ar'esei o metagrammatism'oc teration try instead finding another | tou S'ilbio prote'inete allag'ec 'h one!! all proposals are welcome. | fti'axte 'enan kal'utero, k'aje pr'o- | tash e'inai eupr'osdekth. | 5. How to start? | 5. P'wc na xekin'hsoume? | The first thing to do is to inter- | Pr'wta ap'''ola pr'epei n''antall'a- change opinions. To make proposals | xoume ap'oyeic. Na k'anoume prot'aseic and discuss on them. To get some | kai na tic suzht'hsoume. Na kateb'a- new ideas. To ask people who deal | soume id'eec. Na rwt'hsoume k'osmo pou with standards, with greek systems | asqole'itai me diejn'h st'antartc, me on different computers etc. | ellhnik'a sust'hmata sta di'afora ko- I volunteer to collect your ans- | mpio'uter klp. wers, and make a general report on | Proswpik'a prote'inw na maz'eyw them in the autumn's issue of TUGboat | tic apant'hseic sac kai na tic parou- (by this occasion I would like to | si'asw sthn fjinopwrin'h 'ekdosh tou thank once again the editorial board). | TUGboat. It would be nice to have an email | Ja 'htan wra'ia an e'iqame mia list on this subject; but I have not | l'ista hlektroniko'u taqudrome'iou gia the slightest idea where and how. | thn anoiqt'h suz'hthsh, all'a den 'eqw If some "kind sould" or institution | thn paramikr'h id'ea po'u kai p'wc. could provide such a facility, I | An k'apoia ((eugenik'h yuq'h)) 'h k'a- would be very grateful. | poio 'idruma (Hr'akleio, P'atra, For this and for other organisa- | Aj'hna m''ako'ute?) mporo'use na mac tory problems it would be useful to | prosf'erei aut'hn thn dieuk'olunsh create a Greek TeX Users Group sub- | ja 'hmoun pol'u eugn'wmwn. structure. Later on we could esta- | Gi''aut'o kai gia 'alla probl'hma- blish an FTP server with the totality | ta org'anwshc prote'inw thn 'idrush of Greek TeX stuff, AND documentation. | miac ellhnik'hc om'adac qrhst'wn tou Such a LUG could also serve to propa- | TeX. Arg'otera ja mporo'usame na orga- gate TeX in Greece, as well as in | n'wsoume 'ena server FTP pou na peri'e- scholar circles having to typeset | qei otid'hpote 'eqei g'inei p'anw sto ancient Greek. Please write me your | ellhnik'o TeX ME tic pr'epousec plhro- opinion on all this, and | for'iec kai odhg'iec qr'hshc. Mia t'e- KEEP IN TOUCH! | toia om'ada ja 'htan pol'u qr'hsimh | gia thn di'adosh tou TeX af''en'oc men | sthn Ell'ada, af''et'erou stouc k'u- | klouc twn filol'ogwn pou asqolo'untai | me arqa'ia ellhnik'a. Parakal'w gr'ay- | te mou thn gn'wmh sac, kai propant'oc | DWSTE TO PARON! | 6. The Dedham TUG Annual Meeting | 6. H et'hsia sun'anthsh tou TUG sthn | Bost'wnh | In this meeting I plan to organize | S''aut'h thn sun'anthsh skope'uw na a discussion on Greek TeX, in the | diorgan'wsw mian anoiqt'h suz'hthsh form of a networking lunch, which | p'anw sto ellhnik'o TeX. could potentially lead to a bird-of- | Sac proskal'w loip'on e'ite na feather session. | summet'asqete sthn sun'anthsh, e'ite I count on you for either joining | na mo'u ste'ilete tic ap'oyeic kai the meeting, or joining the discus- | prot'aseic sac prin thn sun'anthsh sion by sending me your remarks and | 'wste na mpor'esw n''anaferj'w kai na proposals before the meeting so that | sthriqt'w s''aut'ec. Eg'w ap''thn I can report on them. Conversely, if | meri'a mou analamb'anw na sac plhro- you can't join the meeting I will | for'hsw gia 'oti leqte'i sthn suz'h- inform you on things having been said. | thsh aut'h. | 7. Final conclusion | 7. Telik'o sump'erasma | Please don't take anything for pre- | Parakal'w mhn jewr'hsete t'ipota san established! Greek TeX is still in | prokajwrism'eno! To ellhnik'o TeX an early stage and independent enough | e'inai ak'oma sta pr'wta st'adia tou from plain TeX so that *everything* | kai arket'a anex'arthto ap'o to plain can still be changed. | TeX, 'wste *otid'hpote* na mpore'i It is our responsability to make | ak'oma na tropopoihje'i. a consistent and user-friendly Greek | E'inai dik'h mac euj'unh na k'a- TeX and we must all help since this is | noume 'ena sumpag'ec kai euq'aristo really *too much* work to be done by | ellhnik'o TeX kai pr'epei 'oloi na just one or two persons! | bohj'hsoume s''aut'o to 'ergo! | ******************************************************************************* | Let me resume the topics to discuss: | Epanalamb'anw ta j'emata suz'hthshc: 1) the font table: which chara- | 1) o p'inakac thc grammatoseir'ac: cters, where and why. | poia gr'ammata, po'u kai giat'i 2) the transliteration: how and | 2) o metagrammatism'oc: p'wc kai why, and how to avoid conflicts | giat'i, kai p'wc n''apof'ugoume with plain TeX | asumbat'othtec me to plain TeX. 3) the 7-bit transliteration for | 3) o metagrammatism'oc sta 7 bit e-mail (which could in fact be | (gia hlektronik'o taqudrome'io) a simplified version of 2)) | to protim'wtero se monotonik'o. 4) the possibility of creating a | 4) h 'idrush miac topik'hc om'adac local TeX Users Group, an | f'ilwn tou TeX, miac l'istac email list and an FTP server. | hlektroniko'u taqudrome'iou kai 5) the use you make of Greek TeX, | en'oc server FTP. your achievements, problems, | 5) pwc qrhsimopoie'ite to TeX sta wishes. | ellhnik'a, ta probl'hmata kai 6) TeX in Greece: where, how, why | oi tuq'on epijum'iec sac. by whom, in which extend. | 6) To TeX sthn Ell'ada: po'u, p'wc, 7) Greek TeX for scholars: which | giat'i, ap'o poion, kai se poia are the special needs and | kl'imaka. standards. | 7) To ellhnik'o TeX gia filol'ogouc | poi'ec e'inai oi eidik'ec an'a- and finally | gkec kai oi 'hdh up'arqousec 8) Ideas, ideas, ideas. | n'ormec. | | kai t'eloc | 8) Id'eec, poll'ec id'eec. | Thanks for reading this long text; | Sac euqarist'w pou diab'asate aut'o to I hope to hear from you soon. | ke'imeno, e'uqomai n'aqw n'ea sac | s'untoma. | ******************************************************************************* Yannis Haralambous | Gi'annhc Qaral'ampouc ******************************************************************************* 101/11, rue Breughel 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France Gall'ia Bitnet: yannis@frcitl81 Tel. +33 20052880 FAX: +33 20910564 ******************************************************************************* A significant motto: | Meriko'i st'iqoi me shmas'ia: ******************* **************************** Perno'un gerno'un ta gegon'ota - ma e'inai kal'o po'umaste ed'w fant'asou ft'anei kai mia n'ota - ki all'azei 'olo ton skop'o. Nom'izw 'etsi ki h zw'h mac - san 'opwc len ((t`a p'anta Diaeresis (dialutika): " Subscript iota: | Apostrophe: '' Question mark: ? Upper point (anw teleia): ; Opening, closing guillemets (eisagwgika): ((, )) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Appendix 2: the font table: ******** | '0 | '1 | '2 | '3 | '4 | '5 | '6 | '7 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '02x | (|) | (||) | ([[) | (]]) | ({) | (}) | (<) | (>) | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "1x '03x | <' | >' | <` | >` | <% | >% | "' | "` | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '04x | | ! | " | # | $ | % | & | ' | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "2x '05x | ( | ) | * | _ | , | - | . | / | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '06x | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "3x '07x | 8 | 9 | : | ; | < | = | > | ? | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '10x | @ | A | B | S | D | E | F | G | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "4x '11x | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '12x | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "5x '13x | X | Y | Z | [ |Section| ] |UpSanpi|UpQoppa| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '14x | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "6x '15x | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '16x | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "7x '17x | x | y | z | (( | '' | )) | % | --- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '20x | `a | a | <`a | `a_ | a_ | <`a_ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "8x '21x | 'a | <'a | >'a | >`a | 'a_ | <'a_ | >'a_ | >`a_ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '22x | %a | <%a | >%a | qoppa | %a_ | <%a_ | >%a_ | sanpi | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "9x '23x | `h | h | <`h | `h_ | h_ | <`h_ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '24x | 'h | <'h | >'h | >`h | 'h_ | <'h_ | >'h_ | >`h_ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Ax '25x | %h | <%h | >%h | %" | %h_ | <%h_ | >%h_ | -- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '26x | `w | w | <`w | `w_ | w_ | <`w_ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Bx '27x | 'w | <'w | >'w | >`w | 'w_ | <'w_ | >'w_ | >`w_ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '30x | %w | <%w | >%w | | %w_ | <%w_ | >%w_ | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Cx '31x | `i | i | <`i | `u | u | <'u | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '32x | 'i | <'i | >'i | >`i | 'u | <'u | >'u | >`u | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Dx '33x | %i | <%i | >%i | | %u | <%u | >%u | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '34x | `e | e | <`e | `o | o | <'o | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Ex '35x | 'e | <'e | >'e | >`e | 'o | <'o | >'o | >`o | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- '36x | "i | "`i | "'i | "%i | "u | "`u | "'u | "%u | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Fx '37x | a_ | h_ | w_ | r | |\macron| \breve| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | "8 | "9 | "A | "B | "C | "D | "E | "F | Remarks: 1) characters '000 to '007 are special symbols used by Oxford for critical editions of epigraphical texts. 2) in characters '053, '204--'372 I used *exceptionally* the symbol _ for the subscript iota, just for better reading. By no means I propose _ as a transliteration of the subscript iota. 3) character '073 is the upper point (anw teleia), '077 the question mark. 4) characters '074 and '075 are spirits. Character "Section" is a section mark (like \char'170 in the cmsy font). 5) characters '047 and '140 are accents, while '174 is the opening quote (apostrofoc). 6) positions '015 and '040 are left empty in purpose to maintain compatibility with PostScript fonts. *********************************************************************** * LATE BREAKING NEWS * DERNIERES NOUVELLES * LETZTE NACHRICHTEN * *********************************************************************** * TELEUTAIA NEA * *********************************************************************** Thanks to the friendly support of DANTE and especially of Joachim Lammarsch a discussion list on Greek TeX (cf. "CALL FOR STANDARDIZATION OF GREEK TeX AND CREATION OF A GREEK TeX GROUP") has been opened, at ELLHNIKA@DHDURZ1 (Bitnet) You can subscribe by sending the usual SUBSCRIBE ELLHNIKA to LISTSERV@DHDURZ1. Please note that messages to the list should be send to the list adress ELLHNIKA@DHDURZ1 and not to the LISTSERV. Languages of the list are English and Greek (Modern please!!) It would be appreciated if you use Silvio Levy's transliteration for Greek, as long as no other transliteration has been fixed. If you have to use a different one, please precise the corres- pondences at top of the message. The list is intended for linguists of any origin having to typeset ancient Greek, as well as for people using Greek as their everyday's language. It is quite a dilemma for me to encourage - the former to participate in English and discuss the TeXnical problems of ancient Greek - the latter to participate in Greek and in this way get used to the transliterated expression of the language; as I said in the "CALL", a certain effort must be taken to bypass the handicap of having a different alphabet, this list should serve as a starting point inside the TeX world. So there are two languages and two directions to take. Let's find a compromise based on the spirit of cooperation! (and if a scholar decides to learn Modern Greek for breaking this Gordian knot, I guarantee him that he won't be dissapointed!). YOU ARE INVITED TO JOIN US IN THE DISCUSSION ON GREEK TeX Best wishes Yannis Haralambous ______________________________________________________________________ TeXMaG is an electronic magazine available free of charge to all interested parties reachable by electronic mail. It is published monthly. Letters to the editor may be sent to NABTEXM@TAMVENUS (BITNet) or NABTEXM@VENUS.TAMU.EDU (Internet) and may be published in a future issue. Publisher: Academic Computing Services of Texas A&M University Managing Editor: Neil Burleson TeX Consultant: Neil Burleson Copy Editor: Neil Burleson (my staff has deserted me) Chief Consultant: John McClain, Ph.D SUBSCRIPTIONS: CDNnet: Send a note to asking to receive TeXMaG. JANET: Send a note to Peter Abbott, asking to receive TeXMaG. All others: Send the following command as an interactive message (Bitnet) or as a single-line mail message to LISTSERV@UICVM or LISTSERV@UICVM.UIC.EDU: SUBS TEXMAG-L Your_Full_Name. If you have difficulty doing this, send a note to Neil Burleson . SUBMISSIONS: Please send submissions to or ; they will automatically be forwarded to the editor. BACK ISSUES: Back issues may be FTP'd from YMIR.CLAREMONT.EDU from the directory [ANONYMOUS.TEX.PERIODICALS.TEXMAG] Back issues may also be FTP'd from SUN.SOE.CLARKSON.EDU from the directory pub/texmag. Users without FTP access may request back issues from the Clarkson repository by sending a mail message to with the form path A_MAIL_PATH_FROM_CLARKSON_TO_YOU get texmag texmag.V.NN where V is the volume number and NN is the issue number. Including a line "index texmag" in the message will return a list of back issues available. Janet users may obtain back issues from the Aston archive. Those who are on SPAN can get in touch with Max Calvani at 39003::CALVANI for infos about SPAN archive. Character code reference: Upper case letters: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Lower case letters: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Digits: 0123456789 Square, curly, angle braces, parentheses: [] {} <> () Backslash, slash, vertical bar: \ / | Punctuation: . ? ! , : ; Underscore, hyphen, equals sign: _ - = Quotes--right left double: ' ` " "at", "number" "dollar", "percent", "and": @ # $ % & "hat", "star", "plus", "tilde": ~ * + % \bye bye! % End of TeXMaG %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%